[Plasma blood coagulation in mammals (domestic and zoo animals). Experience with screening tests and determinations of individual factor activities]. / Plasmatische Blutgerinnung bei Säugetieren (Haus- und Zootiere). Erfahrungen mit Globaltesten und Aktivitätsbestimmungen von Einzelfaktoren.

Plasma coagulation in mammals shows an essentially uniform structure. Differences are in species specific composition and quantity of coagulation factors. Many of the coagulation disorders occurring in humans have been observed in other mammals. Almost all the coagulation studies performed to date have been in domestic animals. For the majority of mammalian species, e.g. zoo animals, therefore, we have either no data at all or only isolated results. The methods used for coagulation testing in veterinary medicine have not yet been standardized. The significance and informative value of the screening tests are limited in animals compared with humans. The activities of individual factors in animals are determined by coagulometric tests. The results can be determined in relation to the activity in humans with the help of a human normal plasma or in relation to the activity of the respective animal with the help of a normal plasma from the same species. The problem is the parallelity of the dilution curves used as reference curves. The coagulation factor activities given for mammals usually differ more or less markedly from those in humans.

[Case report. Phenprocoumon (Marcumar, Falithrom) as an unusual reason for coumarin poisoning in a dog]. / Phenprocoumon (Marcumar, Falithrom) als ungewöhnliche Ursache einer Kumarinvergiftung beim Hund.

Coumarin poisoning in dogs is not unusual and is in most cases caused by warfarin, a coumarin derivative which is used as a rodenticide. Competitive inhibition of vitamin K with an incomplete synthesis of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X can lead to a significant bleeding tendency. We observed a 3-year old male West Highland White Terrier with a reduced general condition and dyspnoea together with a massive haemothorax. Administration of vitamin K1 (3 mg/kg) led to a rapid improvement of the condition. Coagulation analysis revealed a prolonged activated recalcification time (ARCT), prothrombin time (PT) and aPTT with uncharacteristic thrombin time (TT); factor II, VII and X activities were reduced while factor V activity was normal, all of which are characteristic for coumarin poisoning. HPLC did not reveal the presence of warfarin but of phenoprocoumon, a drug used for thromboembolic prophylaxis in humans. This observation has not been described for dogs to date.

[Determination of the activity of single coagulation factors in clinically healthy swine and cattle]. / Aktivitätsbestimmungen von Einzelfaktoren der Gerinnung bei klinisch gesunden Schweinen und Rindern.

Special details of animal haemostaseological investigations are insufficiently known as yet. This concerns as well the use of standardized laboratory methods as the differences between species and the normal ranges. Global tests and determinations of activity of single blood clotting factors (II, V, VII - XII, AT III) were carried out on healthy pigs and cattle. Quantitative evaluations were performed by using human or animal reference plasmas. Special attention was paid to the determinations of single blood clotting factors.

[The plasma coagulation system of domestic cats]. / Untersuchungen zum plasmatischen Gerinnungssystem der Hauskatze.

Haemostaseological investigations of the animals need improvement. Usual methods in human medicine have to be reconsidered with regard to their qualification for veterinary medicine. A standardization of methods and accurate haemostaseological characterization of the reagents used are necessary for an appropriate interpretation of the results and interlaboratory comparative studies. Results of global tests (ARZ, PTT, TZW, TZ, RZ) and determinations of activity of single blood clotting factors (I, II, V, VII-XII) in healthy cats are presented and discussed in view of the mentioned.

[Experimental studies of intrabronchial foreign bodies in the dog]. / Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum intrabronchialen Fremd-körper beim Hund.

Results obtained from clinical, endoscopic, bacteriological, and roentgenological investigations, following artificial introduction of foreign bodies into the tracheobronchial system of dogs, are reported in this paper. The foreign bodies included gauze pads, plastic halma pieces, larch, alder, and wood cones. Twenty of the 22 foreign bodies artificially placed into the bronchial tree of the experimental dogs were spontaneously coughed up, 16 of them between the 1st and 14th days from introduction. The cause underlying such high spontaneous healing rate of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in dog is discussed in some detail.

[Flea detection (Siphonaptera) in dogs at the intake area of the Magdeburg polyclinic for small house and zoo animals]. / Flohnachweise (Siphonaptera) auf Hunden im Einzugsbereich der Magdeburger Poliklinik für kleine Haus- und Zootiere.

Two random investigations carried out in 1981/1982 established 203 fleas of 5 species in a sex incidence of 1:2.4 (60 males/143 females) on 48 dogs: Ctenocephalides felis occurred most frequently in an extent of infestation of 13 (1981) and 9 (1982) in 24 dogs with a population density of 1.1 to 1.9 specimens/animals, followed by C. canis with 8 (1981) and 11 (1982) from 24 dogs in a greater density of 2.3 to 5 per host. In this C. felis occurs more frequently in "town dogs": 15 identifications from Magdeburg and 3 from the county towns of Quedlinburg, Schönebeck and Burg as opposed to only 2 from country communities. Pulex irritans in an extent of infestation of 5 out of 24 dogs in 1982 reached a density of 5 per animal. The results confirm the fact that the range of species of fleas on dogs depends or the keeping conditions and the specific breed activity of the hosts.