ABSTRACT
Pediatric hypnosis is an extremely valuable adjuvant therapeutic tool to reduce pain and ameliorate anxiety in children undergoing procedures and pediatric anesthesia. This perspective summarises; why Integrating hypnosis into practice has this potential, some techniques that are particularly useful in this setting, the training oppurtunities to learn more, and recommendations for future pediatric anesthesia hypnotic research. There is definite capacity for change by Integrating hypnosis into our practice. Not only will this ensure more capable, confident children who present for peri-operative care but also reduce costs and the environmental impact of the pharmaceutical agents we currently employ for sedation and anxiolysis.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Pediatrics , Humans , Child , Anesthesia/methods , Pediatrics/methods , Anesthesiology/methods , Anxiety/prevention & control , Hypnosis/methods , Pediatric AnesthesiaABSTRACT
Pediatric hypnosis emerged during 1960s and 1970s with pioneers Franz Baumann, Josephine Hilgard, Karen Olness, and Gail Gardner. Forty years later, it's matured as a separate, distinct field within hypnosis. Informed by childhood development, this treatment approach is child-centred, imaginatively focused, fundamentally optimistic, and inclusive of parent, family, and other systems in children's lives. Using hypnosis with younger children requires an active, flexible approach. Pediatric hypnosis values creative playful participation in which the clinician sometimes leads and at other times paces with the child's lead. Pediatric researchers and clinicians have added considerably to the body of hypnosis literature and training. Annual pediatric hypnosis workshops occurred through the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (1987-2009), which the National Pediatric Hypnosis Training Institute (established 2009) successfully continues. This article sketches the history and philosophical underpinnings of pediatric hypnosis, indicating how it adds therapeutic capacity for practitioners.
Subject(s)
Hypnosis , Adolescent , Child , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hypnosis/history , Hypnosis/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Pediatric hypnosis has a useful role in pre-, peri-, and post-anesthesia to minimize anticipatory anxiety, and as adjunctive treatment to reduce and control pain. This article reviews the literature in the use of hypnosis in pediatric anesthesia to highlight its role and relevancy. BACKGROUND: Current research indicates there is an immediate and enduring impact, and long-term benefits of this child-centered intervention. Hypnosis can be included in presurgical consultations to establish cooperation and signals for increasing comfort and to address fears and provide suggestions for rapid recovery with changed expectations for the child's own benefit. Thus prepared, the child is in a heightened state of receptivity and statements and suggestions carry through to peri- and post-anesthesia, when hypnosis can help with extubation, reduce nausea, and ease recovery. METHOD: The Magic Glove is one hypno-anesthesia technique that simultaneously addresses pain and anxiety. The process of hypnosis requires training and supervised practice. CONCLUSION: Patients in hypnosis treatment conditions have less anxiety and shorter hospital stays and experience less long-term pain and discomfort than do patients in control conditions. There appears little reason not to provide hypnosis as an adjunctive treatment for pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia/methods , Hypnosis , Intraoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Care/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Anxiety/prevention & control , Child , Humans , Pain Management/methods , Pain, Postoperative/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently experience interference with everyday activities. Mind-body approaches such as yoga have been recommended as interventions for patients with IBS. Despite promising results among adult samples, there have been limited studies exploring the efficacy of yoga with pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a preliminary randomized study of yoga as treatment for adolescents with IBS. METHODS: Twenty-five adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with IBS were randomly assigned to either a yoga or wait list control group. Before the intervention, both groups completed questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, functional disability, coping, anxiety and depression. The yoga intervention consisted of a 1 h instructional session, demonstration and practice, followed by four weeks of daily home practice guided by a video. After four weeks, adolescents repeated the baseline questionnaires. The wait list control group then received the yoga intervention and four weeks later completed an additional set of questionnaires. RESULTS: Adolescents in the yoga group reported lower levels of functional disability, less use of emotion-focused avoidance and lower anxiety following the intervention than adolescents in the control group. When the pre- and postintervention data for the two groups were combined, adolescents had significantly lower scores for gastrointestinal symptoms and emotion-focused avoidance following the yoga intervention. Adolescents found the yoga to be helpful and indicated they would continue to use it to manage their IBS. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga holds promise as an intervention for adolescents with IBS.
