ABSTRACT
Inhaled Nitric oxide is a selective and potent pulmonary vasodilator with minimal influence on systemic vascular resistance. Due to these properties NO becomes widespread treatment for pulmonary hypertension of different etiologies. However, during inhalation via inspiratory limb of breathing circuit NO reacts with oxygen, producing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which is known to be a toxic agent. Therefore, the exact measurements of NO and NO2 concentrations is very important during NO therapy, as was previously described by several authors. The aim of this study was to measure NO and NO2 concentrations at different sites of inspiratory limb of breathing circuit. Significant changes were found between different sites of circuit: Highest NO and lowest NO2 concentrations were detected at the distal points of circuit. We conclude, that NO delivery system should be connected with inspiratory limb of breathing circuit as distally as possible, to minimize contact of NO air with oxygen and to achieve maximal NO and minimal NO2 concentrations during inspiration.
Subject(s)
Nitric Oxide/analysis , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Respiration, Artificial , Humans , Luminescent Measurements , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Immunotherapy/methods , Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis , Leukocytes/metabolism , Lung Abscess/therapy , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Staphylococcal Toxoid/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Empyema, Pleural/immunology , Humans , Infant , Interferon-alpha/immunology , Leukocytes/immunology , Lung Abscess/immunology , Osteomyelitis/immunology , Staphylococcal Infections/immunologyABSTRACT
1. In case of severe surgical infections in childhood typical changes of immunologic parameters can be found. The more extensive the more severe the disease process. 2. The immunologic changes are combined with disorders of interferon production. 3. The clinical importance of these findings with respect of the prognosis and outcome of the infection is discussed.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/immunology , Immunity , Surgical Wound Infection/immunology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Humans , Immunoglobulins/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
1. In case of severe surgical infections in childhood the haemostatic system may be involved combined with aggregation of thrombocytes and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 2. The possible changes of haemostatic system are discussed. 3. The effect of therapeutical correction using heparin, gamma-tocopherol, nicotinic acid, fitin, kurantil and fresh plasma on the haemostatic system values have been analyzed.
