[Antihypoxic effect of vitamin E and its derivative in rats under modeling of hypoxic conditions of different origin]. / Antigipoksicheskii éffekt vitamina E i ego proizvodnogo v usloviiakh modelirovaniia gipoksicheskikh sostoianii razlichnogo geneza u krys.

The increase of ubiquinone content in myocardial mitochondria and succinateubiquinone reductase activity in rat blood leucocytes under hypoxic hypoxia and acute microfocal myocardial damage [table: see text] have been shown. At the same time the succinateubiquinone reductase activity of rat myocardial mitochondria do not change substantially. We simultaneously observe the dramatic drop in NADH-ubiquinone reductase activity under experimental myocarditis. This fact demonstrates higher stability of succinateubiquinone reductase system and differences in metabolical processes under hypoxic conditions of different origin. All vitamin E derivatives studied demonstrate substantial antihypoxic activity, which is connected with increased animals' survivability, ubiquinone content in myocardial mitochondria and stabilization and leveling of succinateubiquinone reducatse activity in rat blood leucocytes. alpha-Tocopherolacetate with shortened to six carbon atoms side chain is the most effective in this respect. We discuss possible mechanisms for the realization of vitamin E and its active derivative's antihypoxic effect.

[Ubiquinone content and function in the mitochondrial electron transport chain in experimental focal myocarditis in rats]. / Soderzhanie i funktsionirovanie ubikhinona v tsepi transporta élektronov mitokhondrii pri éksperimental'nom ochagovom miokardite u krys.

The content of ubiquinone and vitamin E and functioning of ubiquinone-dependent enzyme systems in myocardial mitochondria and blood leucocytes of rats under experimental microfocal myocard damage, and the effect of vitamin E under given pathology have been studied. Direct dependence between the content of ubiquinone, vitamin E and activity of succinateubiquinone reductase system of blood leucocytes has been established. Vitamin E demonstrates the normalizing effect on the subjects of our study.

[Activity of antioxidant enzymes in enterocytes of the small intestine and blood cells after ionizing irradiation and administration of vitamin E in rats]. / Aktyvnist' fermentiv antyoksydantnoho zakhystu v enterotsytakh tonkoho kyshechnyka ta klitynakh krovi za ionizuiuchoho oprominennia ta vvedennia shchuram vitaminu E.

The long-term influence of low X-ray irradiation increases lipid peroxidation (LP) in radiosensitive (bone marrow, enterocytes of small intenstine) and in relatively radioresistant blood cells (erythrocytes). The activation of antioxidant system enzymes in observed cells does not decrease LP intensity. We concluded that additional administration of alpha-tocopherol provided the decrease of the first and end products of LP in the observed tissues mostly in the beginning of the experiment. Antioxidant effect of the preparation is more significant in cells with high proliferative activity but normal activity of enzymes was not determined.

[Assessment of the protective effect of vitamin E during development of experimental myocardial damage]. / Otsinka zakhysnoï diï vitaminu E za rozvytku eksperymental'noho dribnovohnyshchevoho urazhennia miokarda.

It was shown that creatinphosphokinase activity of blood serum might be used as a criterion for evaluating the level of sparsely distributed damage in myocardium as a result of adrenaline administration. The protective effect of vitamin E under adrenaline-induced myocarditis was studied. The best effect was obtained after triple intramuscular injection of vitamin E before administration of pathological agent. Intravenous injection of the preparation has no benefits over that of intramuscular way of administration. Preventive action of vitamin E shows functioning itself in an increase of the quantity and activity of ubiquinone--the component of electron transport chain in mitochondria.

[Antioxidant effectiveness of short-chain alpha-tocopherol acetate in acute paracetamol poisoning in rats]. / Antioksydantna efektyvnist' pokhidnoho alpha-tokoferolatsetatu z ukorochnym bichnym lantsiuhom za umov hostroho otruiennia shchuriv paratsetamolom.

In the experiments in vivo on white rats possibility of paracetamol hepatotoxic effects correction with synthetic short-chain alpha-tocopherol derivative and pharmacopeial preparation of vitamin E has been studied. Levels of superoxide anion generation in liver mitochondria fraction, catalase activity and reduced glutathione, serum aminotransferase and alcaline phosphatase activities and liver subcellular fractions lipid contents were investigated. It was shown that the short-chain vitamin E derivative and pharmacopeial preparation had a membranotropic effect, normalizing free and total cholesterol levels in liver mitochondria fraction and decreasing serum aminotransferase activity level. Investigated compounds also decreased levels of superoxide anions generation, increased catalase activity and level of reduced glutathione in liver. Antioxidative properties of this derivative and pharmacopeial preparation were demonstrated both at the primary (dienes, trienes) and at final steps of lipid peroxidation (TBA-products formation). This antioxidative activity of alpha-tocopherol acetate and its derivative depended on the structure of chromane cycle but not on the length of side chain.

[Effect of low doses of radiation on vitamin A and E levels in rat liver]. / Vliianie malykh doz radiatsii na soderzhanie vitaminov A i E v pecheni krys.

It has been established that under intake of small doses of 137Cs by rat for 9 months the radioactivity of whole rat body was increased in irregular manner. Under this condition the level of fat-soluble vitamins A and E is decreased and the decrease is well correlated with a level of radionuclide accumulation by rat's body. The possible causes of decrease of the vitamins A and E level under intake of small doses of radionuclide are discussed.

[Content of fat-soluble vitamins in human blood serum during the use of food additives with vitamin E and carotene of plant origin]. / Soderzhanie zhirorastvorimykh vitaminov v syvorotke krovi liudei pri primenenii pishchevykh dobavok s vitaminom E i karotinom rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Vitamin E, A and carotene levels in blood serum of human that were affected by the definite irradiation doses accepting the admixtures of vitamin E and carotene preparations were estimated. The consuming of vitamin E increases vitamin E and A content in blood serum. While obtaining carotene significant increase of vitamin E and carotene content is observed, but it does not influence to vitamin A content. Simultaneous application of both preparations leads to vitamin E level growth being similar to persons, receiving only vitamin E; in this case the vitamin A and carotene content is increasing more actively and produces as early as in the month the carotene accumulation in blood serum. Along side with this the vitamin A content increases only in 3 month, and vitamin E practically does not change. Among estimated persons 45 years older revealed content of vitamin E increase in 3 month of both application of preparation. Application of vitamin E and carotene preparations have expressive positive change of fat-soluble vitamin status in blood serum.

[Correction of the activity of certain enzymes in the rat liver mitochondrial electron transport chain by derivatives of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in toxic damage to the liver]. / Korrektsiia aktivnosti nekotorykh fermentov tsepi transporta élektronov mitokhondrii pecheni krys proizvodnym alpha-tokoferilatsetata pri toksicheskikh porazheniiakh pecheni.

Correcting action of vitamin E and it's short chain derivative on the activity of some mitochondria electron transport chain enzymes were investigated on models of acute and chronic toxic hepatitis. Inhibition of NADH- and succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complexes activity was established in short term action of xenobiotics. Treatment of rats with CCl4 during 60 days lowered activity of NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex and significantly increased activity of succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex and succinate dehydrogenase. Obviously, as a result of long term influence of hepatotoxic agents switching over in rat mitochondria electron transport from NAD-dependent way of substrate oxidation to succinate-dependent way took place. This event could be a part of the body adaptation mechanisms. Vitamin E and its short chain analogue corrected activities of investigated enzymes of mitochondria liver in the animals with acute and chronic hepatitis.

[Effect of alpha-tocopherol and its derivatives on the viability of cultured malignant cells]. / Vliianie alpha-tokoferola i ego proizvodnykh na zhiznesposobnost' kul'tury zlokachestvennykh kletok.

The effect of alpha-tocopherol and its derivatives on viability and growth of attached cells culture: human epithelioid carcinoma of cervix HeLa-S3K and human cervical carcinoma cell line C-4-1 according to protein content and level of alkaline phosphatase, as well to unattached cells: human acute leukemia cell cultures CEM-C-1 and CEM-C-7 according to the amount of viable cells in suspension has been studied. It has been shown that alpha-tocopherol acetate and tocopherol maintain the viability of cells, while the derivatives of tocopherol with shorted side chain considerably inhibit growth of researched cultures, alpha-tocopherol with lacking side chain being most active among them.

[Blood vitamin levels in various population groups in the Ukraine suffering from sequelae to the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]. / Bmist vitaminiv u krovi riznykh grup naselennia, shcho poterpilo vnaslidok avariï na ChAES.

The levels of vitamins in the blood of persons who suffered from the catastrophe at Chernobyl NPP subject to medically treatment at Kiev clinics at different time periods have been studied. Polyhypovitaminosis has been detected in all the patients groups examined, especially in persons with the diagnosis of acute radiation sickness. The hypovitaminosis status in the organism is regulated by means of an adequate vitamin therapy. The scientifically substantiated vitamin therapy and vitamin prophylaxis are proposed to be performed for the population of Ukraine affected by the consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.

[Vitamin provision in children of some Ukraine regions]. / Vitaminnaia obespechennost' detel v nekotorykh ralonakh Ukrainy.

The investigation dealt with testing vitamins A,E,B1 and B2 levels in the blood of children residing in different regions of Ukraine. The existence of polyhypovitaminosis, especially in children suffering from gastrointestinal tract disease was displayed. 28% of the children may be attributed to a risk group. Some measures directed to polyhypovitaminosis elimination in children, residing in Ukraine, are proposed.

[Anti-cataract activity of a vitamin E analog]. / Antikataraktal'naia aktivnost' analoga vitamina E.

Anti-cataract activity of vitamin E analog with shortened side chain--2'-4'-methyl-pentenyl-acetoxy-2,5,7-tetramethylchroman has been studied. It is shown on the model system that the analog of vitamin E inhibits the increase of the lens agent fluorescence under irradiation of its homogenates by polychrome light. Taking no negative effect on the lens capsule epithelium, the drug normalizes the content of vitamin E in the blood and increases activity of Na+, K+, ATPase in the cortex and capsule of rabbits lenses in dynamics under simulation of light cataract in vivo.

[Participation of tocopherol and its analogs in lipid peroxidation processes and electron transport in rat liver mitochondria in vivo]. / Uchastie tokoferola i ego analogov v protsessakh perekisnogo okisleniialipidov i transporta élektronov v mitokhondriiakh pecheni krys in vivo.

The effects of vitamin E and its analogs--alpha-tocopheryl acetate with a shortened up to six carbon atoms side chain carrying a saturated and an unsaturated bonds at the chain terminus, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl quinone devoid of the side chain--on the rate of malonic dialdehyde formation, the diene conjugate and total lipid content in the liver as well as the activity of the respiratory chain enzymes--succinate--and NADH-dehydrogenase, succinate- and NADH-ubiquinone reductase, as well as the vitamin E and ubiquinone content in the liver mitochondria of vitamin E-deficient rats in vivo have been investigated. It has been found that alpha-tocopheryl acetate with a shortened (up to C6) side chain carrying a saturated bond at the chain terminus is the most effective analog of tocopherol. Further reduction of the tocopherol side chain or tocopherol conversion into quinone causes a decrease in their tocopherol activity.

[Energy metabolism in newborn calves]. / Enerhetychnyi obmin u novonarodzhenykh teliat.

It has been studied that peculiarities of redox processes of glycolysis and of citrate cycle in newborn calves under oxygen shortage has been caused by diarrhea under acute disturbances of digestion. It was shown that concentration of oxalo-acetate, L-ketoglutarate, glutamate increases and concentration of malate lactate, pyruvate decreases when partial pressure of oxygen rises in the venous blood of calves. Change of activity succinate dehydrogenase depends on the degree of pathological process.

[Effect of tocopherol, its analogs and the antioxidant ionol on lipid peroxidation in vitro]. / Vliianie tokoferola, ego analogov i antioksidanta ionola na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov in vitro.

Ionol, alpha-tocopherol and its analogues (tocoferenquinones with C6 and C1 in the side chain, tocopherol without the side chain and two tocopherols with shortened to C6 side chain both with saturated and with unsaturated bond at the end) were studied for their effect on the formation rate of malonaldehyde in the tissue and liver mitochondria of vitamin E-deficient rats in vitro. Preparations were used in two concentrations: 35 mg per 1 ml of the medium--in a dose suppressing processes or lipid peroxidation; and 5 mg per 1 ml of the medium--in a dose activating biosynthesis of ubiquinone in the animal tissues. Tocopherol effect on lipid peroxidation processes in the liver tissue and mitochondria is shown to be different and to depend on its concentration in the medium. Ionol is efficient only in high doses under the conditions in vitro. Tocopherol analogues (their side chain being shortened to six carbon atoms) display maximum activity when they inhibit lipid peroxidation both in the liver tissue and mitochondria in the both concentrations under study which supposes their high efficiency under the conditions in vivo.

[Role of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in the antiradical protection of the body in peptic ulcer]. / Rol' alpha-tokoferola i retinola v antiradikal'noi zashchite organizma pri iazvennoi bolezni.

Retinol and tocopherol content, the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence as well as concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the blood of practically healthy persons of different age groups and in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer have been studied. Results are presented. The lower content of tocopherol was revealed in the young persons as compared with other age groups, while the level of vitamin A was not established to depend on age. The content of tocopherol is established to decrease in the blood serum under peptic ulcer. Under these conditions low level of retinol correlates with considerable growth of spontaneous chemiluminescence. Reserve interrelation of tocopherol content in the blood with the level of spontaneous chemiluminescence as well as the absence of true dependence on the concentration of malonic dialdehyde at peptic ulcer are proved. Mechanisms of participation of vitamins E and A in the inhibition of free-radical reactions are discussed, role of their deficiency in pathogenesis fo peptic ulcer is substantiated.

[Vitamin E and its structural analogs in tuberculosis]. / Vitamin E i ego strukturnye analogi pri tuberkuleze.

Efficiency of tocopherol, its analog with a shortened side chain as well as their quinons for tuberculosis was determined. All the studied compounds inhibited peroxide-formation processes in the liver homogenate and mitochondria. The vitamin E amount in the blood is considerably decreased in case of tuberculosis. The studied analogs increased its content and possessed a weak tuberculostatic but expressed antiedemic and antiinflammatory action. Administration of vitamin E in combination with isoniazid to sick animals had a favourable effect on the processes of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. If taking a sum of characters, tocopherol acetate with a shortened side chain is the most efficient of all the analogs under study for the tuberculosis therapy.

[Vitamin E, ubiquinone and ubiquinone-dependent enzymes in experimental myocarditis]. / Vitamin E, ubikhinon i ubikhinonzavisimye fermenty pri éksperimental' nom miokardite.

It is shown that a day after introduction of adrenaline which evokes experimental focal myocarditis the level of ubiquinone and vitamin E content in the myocardial mitochondria increases by 56.8 and 122%, respectively. Succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity in mitochondria remains practically unchanged, while NADH-ubiquinone-reductase activity considerably falls. 5 days after the focal myocarditis reproduction the content of ubiquinone and NADH-ubiquinone-reductase activity of mitochondria return to the norm, while the vitamin E amount remains higher than in intact animals. 24h after adrenaline introduction the level of succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity of blood leucocytes considerably grows. It is not normalized even on the 5th day after adrenaline administration. It is supposed that the level of this activity may be an index showing development of the focal myocarditis.

[Tocopherol-binding proteins in membranes of rat liver mitochondria]. / Issledovanie tokoferolsviazyvaiushchikh belkov membran mitokhondrii pecheni krys.

The use of the adsorption chromatography on the hydroxyl apatite makes it possible to yield and partly purify the triton X-100-solubilized mitochondrial protein fraction of the rat liver able to bind specifically [3H]-alpha-tocopherol. The method permits removing simultaneously both free detergent and [3H]-alpha-tocopherol from the protein mixture without disturbance of the established equilibrium. When compared with methods used for the removal of free hydrophobic ligands in the in vitro binding experiments, the applied method is the most effective.

[Ubiquinone (Q). Distribution, regulation of biosynthesis and methods of isolation]. / Ubikhinon (Q), Rasprostranenie, reguliatsiia biosinteza i sposoby polucheniia.

The data available in literature and results of own studies on distribution and localization of ubiquinone (Q), promising sources and methods of its isolation from tissues of animal and microorganisms are revised. Conditions of microorganism cultivation to intensity ubiquinone biosynthesis as well as methods of its production are revised.