Analysis of the Efficiency of Microencapsulated Sustained-Release Form of Naloxone on the Experimental Model of Fentanyl Poisoning.

We compared samples of microencapsulated naloxone prepared by using spray drying technique. 2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, sodium alginate, polycaprolactone, and carboxymethyl cellulose were used as the carriers. It was found that the combination of naloxone with sodium alginate was characterized by the highest naloxone content in the matrix and the lowest release rate (100% release time was 60 min). Using the model of respiratory disturbances caused by 10 ED50 fentanyl (anesthetic effect), we studied the effects of naloxone-sodium alginate complex on the dynamics of CO2 concentration in the expired air. It was shown that treatment with the developed microencapsulated naloxone after fentanyl injection allowed reducing the therapeutic dose of the antagonist by more than 2 times and eliminated the necessity of repeated injections.

[Architectonics of gastric arterial bed in norm, after Nissen fundoplication, and its different combination with splenectomy and left gastric artery ligation].

A comparative study of the effect of the combination of Nissen fundoplication, different variants of splenectomy ligation of left gastric artery on stomach wall arterial bed blood fillability was carried out on 40 human corpses in 6 research series. The red lead paint suspension was used for the injection of arterial bed. It was shown that combination of Nissen operation andligation of stomach short arteries during splenectomy and left gastric artery trunk in its intraligamental part resulted in the impairment of the stomach wall blood supply. In the gastric fundus area avascular zones measuring from 2.5 x 3.0 to 5.0 x 10.0 cm and larger, were detected. The stomach wall of the given areas is potentially prone to necrosis. Avascular zones in the stomach wall were not observed when short gastric arteries were preserved.

[Biotope principles of sympatry and interspecies hybridization in mammals (by the example of the genus Spermophilus)].

Two hybridization zones were taken as an example (the russet ground squirrel (Spermophilus major) and the speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus), the russet ground squirrel and the yellow ground squirrel (S. fulvus) to show that biotope characteristics determine segregation of sympatric species in contact populations. The heterogeneity of biotopes with regard to the requirements of sympatric species promotes their long-term and steady dispersal and, in rare cases, sporadic hybridization. A biotope with a homogenous environment enables wide interspecies hybridization and a rapid increase in the ratio of hybrids in the population.

[Breeding success and direction of animal crossing in the hybrid russet (Spermophilus major) and yellow (Spermophilus fulvus) ground squirrel population].

Reproductive relations between animals in the hybrid settlement of the russet and yellow ground squirrels are panmictic and are characterized by the absence of assortative crossings and by the presence of multimale pairings in females with evidently heterospermic broods. Maximum breeding success was observed for hybrid animals proving the fertility of hybrids. However, the hybrid breeding potential (young animal survival rate) is significantly lower as compared with russet and yellow ground squirrels, but the survival rate of the hybrid progeny in the hybrid population is not lower than in specific settlements.

[Real-time detection and processing of medical signals under windows using Lcard analog interfaces].

Multipurpose modular software for an analog interface based on Lcard 761 is considered. Algorithms for pipeline processing of medical signals under Windows with dynamic control of computational resources are suggested. The software consists of user-friendly completable modifiable modules. The module hierarchy is based on object-oriented heritage principles, which make it possible to construct various real-time systems for long-term detection, processing, and imaging of multichannel medical signals.

[A magnetic therapy apparatus with an adaptable electromagnetic spectrum for the treatment of prostatitis and gynecopathies].

Problems of engineering and algorithm development of magnetic therapy apparatuses with pseudo-random radiation spectrum within the audio range for treatment of prostatitis and gynecopathies are considered. A typical design based on a PIC 16F microcontroller is suggested. It includes a keyboard, LCD indicator, audio amplifier, inducer, and software units. The problem of pseudo-random signal generation within the audio range is considered. A series of rectangular pulses is generated on a random-length interval on the basis of a three-component random vector. This series provides the required spectral characteristics of the therapeutic magnetic field and their adaptation to the therapeutic conditions and individual features of the patient.

[Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of accessory nasal sinuses, upper jaw and nasal cavity tumors]. / Komp'iuternaia i magnitno-rezonansnaia tomografiia v diagnostike zlokachestvennykh opukholei okolonosovykh pazukh, verkhnei cheliusti i polosti nosa.

Radiation studies, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), revealed that these techniques can accurately determine the site of a tumor, the borders of its spread to the adjacent anatomic structures. They also revealed the features of CT in detecting osseous structural destruction and the advantage of MRI in visualizing the soft tissue component of a neoplasm and in distinguishing the degree of contrast of tumor tissue and concurrent secondary inflammation. The accuracy of CT and MRI for small tumors is 45-80 and 29% higher than that of X-ray study and traditional tomography, respectively. The potentialities of all radiation diagnostic techniques for over 3.0-cm tumors are equal.

[Antioxidant activity of high density lipoproteins in vivo]. / Antioksidantnaia aktivnost' lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti in vivo.

The paper deals with antioxidant effect of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in vivo. The effect of intravenous injection of large-dose HDL3 (200 mg protein), isolated from human plasma to rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia, on the content of primary products of lipid peroxidation in rabbit blood, the correlation between HDL cholesterol level and the content of lipid peroxide products in blood plasma of healthy persons and patients with IHD were studied. Intravenous injection of HDL3 to rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia has been shown to lead in 6 hr to a 24-hr significant (p < 0.01) decrease of conjugated dienes and trienes. The existence of negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol level and the content of conjugated dienes in blood plasma of healthy persons (N = 47) and patients with IHD (n = 64) is revealed. Basing on the data obtained conclusion of universal character of protective antiatherogenic effect of HDL is drawn.

[Protective effect of high density lipoproteins, their subfractions and lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferases on the peroxidation modification of low density lipoproteins]. / Zashchitnoe deistvie lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti, ikh podfraktsii i letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferazy v perekisnoi modifikatsii lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti.

The role of high density lipoproteins (HDL), their subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) on peroxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro was studied. Peroxidative modification was estimated by the formation of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and LDL aggregates during LDL incubation at 37 degrees C for several days without Fe2+ or for 2 hours in the presence of Fe2+ in EDTA-free media. It was shown that the addition of HDL3 (but not HDL2) markedly decreases the formation of both MDA and LDL aggregates. Since LCAT is bound to HDL3, its effect was examined. An addition of LCAT isolated from human plasma (650-fold purification) at a concentration of 450 micrograms/ml resulted in a complete inhibition of LDL peroxidation and LDL aggregate formation. Heat-inactivated LCAT had no effect. Possible mechanisms of the protective effect of LCAT on LDL peroxidative modification are discussed.

[Development of a high-frequency electrosurgical endoscopy apparatus]. / Osobennosti razrabotki vysokochastotnykh élektrokhirurgicheskikh apparatov dlia éndoskopii.

A brief analysis has been made of the basic operational features of the high-frequency electrosurgical endoscopy apparatus (HFEA). Recommendations for choosing the output parameters are given, the solution of the problem of designing HFEA for endoscopy was considered by using the "Endotome-I" apparatus as an example.