Measurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of about 88 pb^{-1}, of which 62 pb^{-1} represent a complete dataset collected by CMD-3 at center-of-mass energies below 1 GeV. In the dominant region near the ρ resonance a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% was achieved. The implications of the presented results for the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are discussed.

Synchrotron single-crystal XRD, IR-, Raman spectroscopy and high pressure study of synthetic krieselite.

Spontaneous crystals of krieselite (Ge analogue of topaz) with the chemical formula Al2[(Ge0.75Si0.25)O4](F1.63OH0.37) were synthesized using a thermo-gradient hydrothermal method at a temperature of 600/650 °C and pressure of 100 MPa. The unit cell parameters are: a = 8.9732(8) Å, b = 8.4823(7) Å, c = 4.7379(5) Å, V = 360.62(6) Å3, space group Pnma. The F-/OH- content of the samples was refined by FTIR spectroscopy method. Raman spectroscopy showed the main differences between the spectra of krieselite and topaz at the ambient conditions. The assignment of observed and calculated Ag bands (cm-1) for non-polarized Raman spectra was carried out. Using in situ Raman spectroscopy at high pressures, the dependence of the shift in the position of the main bands of the krieselite Raman spectrum on the pressure was established, and the corresponding paths of pressure induced distortion of crystal structure was assumed. According to the data of Raman spectroscopy, it was revealed that krieselite does not undergo the phase transitions up to 30 GPa. The probable way of crystal structure distortion within the space group Pnma was proposed based on simulation of high-pressure Raman spectra.

Structural insights into light-driven anion pumping in cyanobacteria.

Transmembrane ion transport is a key process in living cells. Active transport of ions is carried out by various ion transporters including microbial rhodopsins (MRs). MRs perform diverse functions such as active and passive ion transport, photo-sensing, and others. In particular, MRs can pump various monovalent ions like Na+, K+, Cl-, I-, NO3-. The only characterized MR proposed to pump sulfate in addition to halides belongs to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509 and is named Synechocystis halorhodopsin (SyHR). The structural study of SyHR may help to understand what makes an MR pump divalent ions. Here we present the crystal structure of SyHR in the ground state, the structure of its sulfate-bound form as well as two photoreaction intermediates, the K and O states. These data reveal the molecular origin of the unique properties of the protein (exceptionally strong chloride binding and proposed pumping of divalent anions) and sheds light on the mechanism of anion release and uptake in cyanobacterial halorhodopsins. The unique properties of SyHR highlight its potential as an optogenetics tool and may help engineer different types of anion pumps with applications in optogenetics.

Synthetic brunogeierite Fe2GeO4: XRD, Mössbauer and Raman high-pressure study.

We present complex spectroscopic data of the synthetic brunogeierite (Fe2+)2Ge4+O4 with space group Fd3¯m of spinel structure: a = 8.3783 (6) Å, V = 588.12 (13) Å3. Brunogeierite crystals up to 200 µm in size were crystallized by the interaction of a boric acid solution on a metal iron wire in the presence of germanium oxide (GeO2) at 600/650 °C and 100 MPa. Mössbauer spectrum of synthetic brunogeierite consists of the symmetric doublet with the parameters IS = 1.104(1) mm/s and QS = 2.845(1) mm/s, that corresponds to the octahedral position of iron ions ([VI]Fe2+). The Raman spectra of Fe2GeO4 crystal consist of an intense main band at 756 cm-1 and four less intense bands at ∼644, 472, 302, and ∼205 cm-1 at ambient conditions. All five bands inherent in the spectrum of cubic spinel are present and gradual change in high pressure spectra up to 30 GPa. The color of the crystal changes from brown-orange to reddish at the center at 22.7 GPa and became opaque black up to 30.2 GPa. Herewith, in the high pressure spectra, we observed the splitting of some bands and the appearance of additional bands in a wide pressure range (from 1.6 to 30 GPa). The factor group analysis with the lattice dynamics calculation of potential crystal structure distortions shows the decreasing of the structure symmetry to tetragonal or rhombohedral in this pressure range.

[FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM BY USING GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOURCES (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)].

The rapid development of molecular biology and genetic engineering contributes to the creation of plants with desired properties in a short time. One of the aspects of the study of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and genetically modified products (GMP) is the study of their impact on humans, animals and the environment. Subject of research - changes in the morph functional indicators of the reproductive system of mice. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the importance of the reproductive system for the reproduction of a healthy generation, capable of developing normally and continuing its race. Purpose of the study - to identify the effect of GMOs on the reproductive system of mice. Cultivation of three groups of laboratory mice using transgenic feed (genetically modified soybean meal) and obtaining biological material for research. Determination of the presence of genetically modified sources (GMS), genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food and feed products using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Morphometric study of the obtained material and biometric data processing. It has been shown that the consumption of feed by animals prepared on the basis of genetically modified plants does not affect the reproductive functions of the parental generation; but at the same time there was an inhibition of the growth rate and the process of formation of the gonads of the descendants of the first and, especially, the second generation; the second generation of offspring, eating only soybean meal, had defective reproductive qualities and high mortality. Second-generation mice eating genetically modified soybean meal are at greater risk than second-generation mice eating traditional diets.

Properties of degradable polyhydroxyalkanoates with different monomer compositions.

PURPOSE: To synthesize and investigate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with different monomer composition and percentages and polymer films prepared from them. RESULTS: Various PHAs: homopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB) and 2-, 3-, and 4-component copolymers comprising various combinations of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomers were synthesized under specialized conditions. Relationships were found between the monomer composition of PHAs and their molecular-weight and thermal properties and degree of crystallinity. All copolymers had decreased weight average molecular weights, Mw (to 390-600 kDa), and increased values of polydispersity (3.2-4.6) compared to the P(3HB). PHA copolymers showed different thermal behavior: an insignificant decrease in Tmelt and the presence of the second peak in the melting region and changes in parameters of crystallization and glass transition. At the same time, they retained thermostability, and the difference between Tmelt and Tdegr was at least 100-120 °C. Incorporation of 4HB, 3HV, and 3HHx monomer units into the 3-hydroxybutyrate chain caused changes in the amorphous to crystalline ratio and decreased the degree of crystallinity (Cx) to 20-40%. According to the degree to which the monomers reduced crystallinity, they were ranked as follows: 4HB - 3HHx - 3HV. A unique set of films was produced; their surface properties and physical/mechanical properties were studied as dependent on PHA composition; monomers other than 3-hydroxybutyrate were found to enhance hydrophilicity, surface development, and elasticity of polymer films. CONCLUSION: An innovative set of PHA copolymers was synthesized and solution-cast films were prepared from them; the copolymers and films were investigated as dependent on polymer chemical composition. Results obtained in the present study contribute to the solution of a critical issue of producing degradable polymer materials.

Local electronic structure rearrangements and strong anharmonicity in YH3 under pressures up to 180 GPa.

The discovery of superconductivity above 250 K at high pressure in LaH10 and the prediction of overcoming the room temperature threshold for superconductivity in YH10 urge for a better understanding of hydrogen interaction mechanisms with the heavy atom sublattice in metal hydrides under high pressure at the atomic scale. Here we use locally sensitive X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to get insight into the nature of phase transitions and the rearrangements of local electronic and crystal structure in archetypal metal hydride YH3 under pressure up to 180 GPa. The combination of the experimental methods allowed us to implement a multiscale length study of YH3: XAFS (short-range), Raman scattering (medium-range) and XRD (long-range). XANES data evidence a strong effect of hydrogen on the density of 4d yttrium states that increases with pressure and EXAFS data evidence a strong anharmonicity, manifested as yttrium atom vibrations in a double-well potential.

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/chitosan composite films and nonwoven mats.

Composite films and nonwoven mats of the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and chitosan natural polymers were prepared and investigated. DSC and FTIR techniques were used to confirm that P(3HB) blending with chitosan resulted in a decrease in P(3HB) crystallinity to 47% and 62% in the films and nonwoven mats, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that addition of chitosan induced changes in the surface morphology of the composite films and a reduction in the diameter of ultrafine fibers in the nonwoven mats from 800 nm to 460 nm. The values of water contact angle for films (53°) and nonwoven mats (50.6°) suggested that chitosan enhanced hydrophilic properties and moisture absorption capacity of the composite materials. On the other hand, P(3HB) showed its reinforcing ability and improved the physical/mechanical properties of chitosan. The work included studies of in vitro biodegradation of the composite specimens and their ability to maintain cell growth and attachment in NIH 3T3 fibroblast culture.

[Endoscopic treatment of benign gastrointestinal fistulas]. / Vozmozhnosti éndoskopicheskogo metoda v lechenii svishchei zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta neopukholevogo geneza.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility and safety of modified endoscopic stent in the treatment of benign intestinal fistulas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the experience of Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care and recent numerous foreign reports confirms that staged treatment followed by delayed radical surgery is the most perspective approach. Modified endoscopic treatment of intestinal fistulas successfully used in 10 patients is reported in the article. RESULTS: Endoscopic stenting of various parts of gastrointestinal tract is a minimally invasive treatment of this pathology and not followed by complications and mortality. An important advantage is early closure of fistula that reduces duration of treatment and improves further social and labor rehabilitation of patients.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF A MODERN STUDENT ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO STRESS DURING EDUCATIONAL PROCESS.

Many students in the educational process are subject to emotional, cognitive, motivational stress. A little physical activity allows them to get out of this state. One aspect of the research of adaptation of the students to the educational and physical loads is the investigation of their cardiovascular and respiratory systems state. There were investigated 100 students (educational directions: "Physical culture", "Music", "General Medicine") (age 19-24) from Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey with different levels of physical activity in the process of their adaptation to educational process Anthropometric measurements were used to assess the parameters of physical development. The method of variational pulsometry by R.M. Baevskiy and spirometry were used to assess the functional state of the both systems. Stress resistance to learning and physical loads was determined due to assess the indices of general aerobic and speed-strength anaerobic endurance, survey among students. It was shown that students with a low level of physical activity are characterized by a pronounced predominance of the sympathoadrenal chain of heart rhythm regulation, which indicates a significant stress of adaptation mechanisms. The effectiveness of the regulation of heart rate in students of the educational direction "Physical Culture" is higher, which indirectly proves the positive impact of systematic physical activity on the functioning of the cardiovascular system and the body as a whole. It is advisable to solve the problem of the lack of physical activity of students by including various forms of physical education in their educational everyday activities that can be regulated daily by teachers. At the same time, the systemic nature of the physical impact on the student body is ensured by the interconnection of all forms of physical activity and types of motor activity, the content and direction of which is constantly updated considering the hierarchy of goals.

Spin Dependence of η Meson Production in Proton-Proton Collisions Close to Threshold.

Taking advantage of the high acceptance and axial symmetry of the WASA-at-COSY detector, and the high polarization degree of the proton beam of COSY, the reaction p[over →]p→ppη has been measured close to threshold to explore the analyzing power A_{y}. The angular distribution of A_{y} is determined with the precision improved by more than 1 order of magnitude with respect to previous results, allowing a first accurate comparison with theoretical predictions. The determined analyzing power is consistent with zero for an excess energy of Q=15 MeV, signaling s-wave production with no evidence for higher partial waves. At Q=72 MeV the data reveal strong interference of Ps and Pp partial waves and cancellation of (Pp)^{2} and Ss^{*}Sd contributions. These results rule out the presently available theoretical predictions for the production mechanism of the η meson.

Experimental evidence for short-pulse laser heating of solid-density target to high bulk temperatures.

Heating efficiently solid-density, or even compressed, matter has been a long-sought goal in order to allow investigation of the properties of such state of matter of interest for various domains, e.g. astrophysics. High-power lasers, pinches, and more recently Free-Electron-Lasers (FELs) have been used in this respect. Here we show that by using the high-power, high-contrast "PEARL" laser (Institute of Applied Physics-Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) delivering 7.5 J in a 60 fs laser pulse, such coupling can be efficiently obtained, resulting in heating of a slab of solid-density Al of 0.8 µm thickness at a temperature of 300 eV, and with minimal density gradients. The characterization of the target heating is achieved combining X-ray spectrometry and measurement of the protons accelerated from the Al slab. The measured heating conditions are consistent with a three-temperatures model that simulates resistive and collisional heating of the bulk induced by the hot electrons. Such effective laser energy deposition is achieved owing to the intrinsic high contrast of the laser which results from the Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification technology it is based on, allowing to attain high target temperatures in a very compact manner, e.g. in comparison with large-scale FEL facilities.

Use of nanotechnology in the creation of moden medicines-governmental funds and their targeting systems (literature review).

Properties of nanoscale carriers recommended by the European Pharmacopeia for use in the creation of drugs and their complexes with physiologically active substances are given. Ihe authors present general descriptions of the methods of creation and especially of carriers identified in the accumulation of experience in their use for creating drugs with desired properties of penetration of biological barriers and length of service of the therapeutic effect.

Exploring photochemistry of p-bromophenylsulfonyl, p-tolylsulfonyl and methylsulfonyl azides by ultrafast UV-pump-IR-probe spectroscopy and computations.

The photochemistry of p-bromophenylsulfonyl azide (BsN3), p-tolylsulfonyl azide (TsN3) and methylsulfonyl azide (MsN3) was studied by femtosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy with CH2Cl2 and CCl4 as solvents along with quantum chemical calculations. The photolysis of these azides after 267 nm light excitation leads to the population of each respective azide S1 excited state. Decay of the S1 excited state gives rise to singlet nitrene formation. In the case of BsN3, the decay was found to correlate with the formation of a pseudo-Curtius photoproduct (PCP) BrC6H4NSO2. Transient electronic ground states of the three azides on their way to singlet nitrenes and PCPs were shown by locating the corresponding transition states on the potential energy surfaces. The lifetime of singlet (1)(BsN) and (1)(TsN) nitrenes is τ(S) = ∼20 ps in CH2Cl2 and ∼700 ps in CCl4. Singlet (1)(MsN) was not detected. Due to fast intersystem crossing (ISC), singlet nitrenes are converted into the triplet spin isomers lying lower in energy, the formation time constants being equal to the corresponding singlet nitrene lifetime. The formation of (3)(MsN) was shown and the formation time constant in CH2Cl2 was found to be τ(ISC) = 34 ± 3 ps. Internal conversion of the S1 excited state to the ground state of the azide was low (Φ ≈ 0.15) for BsN3 and TsN3 and was not found in the case of MsN3.

[Influence of the antihypoxantic therapy on children with generalized peritonitis]. / Vliyanie antigipoksantov na rezul'taty lecheniya rasprostranennogo peritonita u detei.

AIM: To improve the results of treatment of a widespread purulent peritonitis in children by optimizing fluid therapy includes the use of combined treatment: reamberin and remaxol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 269 patients aged 1 to 15 years with a widespread purulent peritonitis treated at the children's surgical departments in Samara from 2001 to 2015. The study group included 179 children who used the optimized infusion therapy. In the study group was allocated to 2 groups: 69 children in infusion therapy which used reamberin and 110 patients in which treatment was applied reamberin and remaxol. The surgical treatment used laparoscopic sanation of the abdomen. Comprehensive survey included a study of dynamics of the white blood cell count, leukocyte index Kalf-Caliph, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, temperature, total albumin concentration, transaminase levels. Catamnesis studied 48 patients with the definition of complex intima-media thickness in the projection of basilar, brachial and femoral arteries. RESULTS: A study compared indicators of both groups, revealed a more rapid reduction of intoxication symptomps (leukocytosis, LII, body temperature), the disappearance of enteric disease, recovery of protein-synthetic function of the liver, decrease of cytolytic and mesenchymal-inflammatory syndromes in the main group, especially in the subgroup in which treatment was included remaxol. CONCLUSION: The use of reamberin and remaxol in infusion therapy led to improvement of the results of the treatment of common purulent peritonitis in children. Study catamnesis with the study of the intima-media revealed that children undergoing widespread purulent peritonitis further develop signs of endothelial dysfunction. The developed clinical recommendations to significantly reduce the risk of developing signs of endothelial dysfunction, thereby reducing the possible appearance of vascular pathology in patients who underwent childhood widespread purulent peritonitis.

[Treatment of diffuse peritonitis in children].

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Improving the treatment of advanced peritonitis via use in therapy antihypoxant Reamberin and hepatoprotector Remaxol, nutritional support, sanitation laparoscopic abdominal cavity. SUBJECTS: A total of 232 children aged 1 to 15 years with generalized purulent peritonitis treated at the children's surgical departments of Samara from 2001 to 2014. A study group comprised 148 patients who used the optimized pathogenetic therapy. In the study group was allocated two groups: 64 patients in the pathogenetic therapy that used antihypoxant reamberin, and 84 children in the treatment of which reamberin and hepatoprotector remaxol. All the children of the main group received nutritional support (trophic feedings), used in the surgical treatment of abdominal laparoscopic sanitation. Comprehensive survey includes the study of the dynamics of the level of white blood cells, leukocyte index on Kalf-Caliph, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, temperature, total albumin concentration, transaminase levels. RESULTS: Comparison of the studied parameters in the study and control groups, showed a more rapid decrease in the symptoms and signs of intoxication (leukocytosis, LII, body temperature), relief of enteric disease, recovery of protein-synthetic function of the liver, a decrease of cytolytic and mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome in the study group, especially in the subgroup in which therapy was included remaxol. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of treatment involving the application of the combined drugs--antihypoxant reamberin, hepatoprotector remaxol, nutritional support and implementation of laparoscopic abdominal sanitation led to improved results of therapy common purulent peritonitis in children.

[TESTING THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ARGON DURING SUBACUTE EXPOSURE TO HYPOXIC HYPOXIA].

Previously it has been shown that argon has a stimulating effect on biological processes including, specifically, strong protective properties during exposure to acute (1-4 hrs.) hypoxic hypoxia. Experiments with animals under hypoxia gradually growing over 3 to 7 days may give insight into mechanisms of the argon protective action. Purpose of the work was to explore character and severity of developing disorders, to attempt their prognosis and to test potentiality of argon as a protector from the effects of subacute hypoxic exposure. In two series of experiments Wistar male rats were housed in pressure chambers with different rates of O2 reduction without argon and with argon in concentration of 32-38%. Oxygen reduction from 20.9 to 9.0% in 3 days led to the death of 50% animals. Oxygen reduction to 12.0% in 7 days and one day in low-oxygen atmosphere was harmless for animals. Argon in air makes the response to hypoxia almost twice as sharp on virtually every level (red blood system, physiological, morphological and biochemical shifts) validating the concept that argon acts as a stimulator. In context of the most critical processes of adaptation to hypoxia--activation of blood formation and lipid metabolism--this sharpening of the response results in depletion of body resources and instigates irreversible shifts.

The fixed combination efficacy assessment in patients with secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: To assess IOP-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination (Ganfort®) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and uncontrolled secondary neovascular glaucoma (NG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients (51 eyes) with uncontrolled secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. All patients with an uncontrolled IOP have been proposed to switch current IOP-lowering therapy to Ganfort®. In case target IOP level was not reached filtration surgery was recommended. Ganfort® administration - once a day in the morning. RESULTS: IOP-lowering has been observed in all patients when switched to Ganfort®. Mean IOP level was almost 3-x lower versus baseline in 72.5% of patients (37 eyes). The patients achieved target IOP of 15-17 mmHg. As a result, no surgical intervention was required. Significant IOP-lowering has been observed in another group of patients (14 eyes, 27.5 %) nevertheless due to glaucoma progression, these patients are still subjected to surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: IOP-lowering fixed combination Ganfort® (Allergan) can be used in patients with secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus as a drug of choice to control the IOP level. Even in cases when target IOP is not achieved, Ganfort® can be administered in pre-operative period and helps to reduce postoperative complications.