[ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF THE ELDERLY URBAN POPULATION WITH MULTIMORBIDITY (EXEMPLIFIED BY PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA)].

As the population ages, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases and, accordingly, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of many chronic diseases among the elderly population increases, which affects the dynamics and prognoses of the underlying disease. Prevention of complications of concomitant semantics for the underlying disease seems to be a complex medical problem, the solution to which is aimed at improving the quality of life of patients. Based on the data obtained, the effect of polymorbidity on the course of acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) was studied in the elderly urban population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of multimorbidity on the life quality of the elderly urban population, exemplified by patients with acute lower limb ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 91 patients with ALLI (n=91) were examined, the mean age equaled to 70±1.2 years, with thromboembolism against the background of arterial occlusion. RESULTS: The age of patients is one of the highest risks and must be taken into account when deciding on surgical intervention and further therapy for ALLI. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS: The study had no administrative restrictions. CONCLUSION: It was found that the value of the comorbidity index in patients with acute lower limb ischemia is associated with the severity of the underlying disease and characterizes the predicted decrease in the probability of a 10-year survival and the risk of death.

[Botulinum toxin type A (Incobotulinum toxin A) in spastic forms of cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis of clinical experience]. / Botulinicheskii toksin tipa A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) pri spasticheskikh formakh detskogo tserebral'nogo paralicha: retrospektivnyi analiz klinicheskogo opyta.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of the experience of using Incobotulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five children with spastic forms of CP, including 114 boys (61,6%), were studied. The average age of the patients was 3,8±2,5 years; the average weight was 14,2±6,9. The patients received injections of Incobotulinum toxin A according to registered indications or recommendations of a consultation of specialists and voluntary informed consent of the patient's representative. At least 1 point decrease of muscle tone according to the modified Ashworth scale was used as a criterion of the antispastic effect of Incobotulinum toxin A. RESULTS: The total dose of Incobotulinum toxin A for the whole group of patients with CP was 154,5±67,7 U and 11,6±4,7 U per kg/body weight. The gracilis muscle (65,4% of cases, 95%CI 58,1-72,2) and the gastrocnemius muscle (49,4% of cases, 95%CI 41,8-56,6) were the most frequently injected targets in the lower extremities, and the pronator teres muscle (58,9% of cases, 95%CI 51,5-66,1) - in the upper extremities. Adverse events were observed in 13 patients (7,0%). They were mild in 9 patients and moderate in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the effectiveness and safety of Incobotulinum toxin A injections in spastic CP. The calculated average doses of Incobotulinum toxin A for target muscles and the frequency of different spasticity patterns could serve as a reference for the botulinum therapy planning.

[(TO UPDATE ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE IN ENSURING THE PARASITIC SAFETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS. LEGAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONFLICTS: WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION)].

The modern development of parasitological science and practice is integrated into the process of legal regulation of the protection of human rights and health and the environment. Russian Federation Government Enactment No. 761 dated September 28; 2009, determines a provision on examining the legal acts establishing the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for their compliance with the standards, recommendations, and other documents of international organiza- tions, including the World Health Organization [10]. The authors carried out a detailed analysis ofthe status of law enforce- ment practice in ensuring the safety of water to be free from parasites, the most studied and proven in international and national law. Factorization of national statutes on safe drinking water and water in the water sources identified legal in- consistencies in both different legal acts of the Russian Federation and their compliance with the WHO recommendations [12]. Ways to overcome legal and methodological conflicts and those to provide mechanisis of legal regulation in this area were defined. It is noted that the decision is a complex process that involves various levels of a structure of legislative initiatives and the professional public; however,,the end result is focused on the dynamic integration of national law in ensuring the parasitic safety of the environment in the unified field of international law.

[Gene pool of Siberian Tatars: Five ways of origin for five subethnic groups].

Siberian Tatars form the largest Turkic-speaking ethnic group in Western Siberia. The group has a complex hierarchical system of ethnographically diverse populations. Five subethnic groups of Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars (N = 388 samples) have been analyzed for 50 informative Y-chromosomal SNPs. The subethnic groups have been found to be extremely genetically diverse (FST = 21%), so the Siberian Tatars form one of the strongly differentiated ethnic gene pools in Siberia and Central Asia. Every method employed in our studies indicates that different subethnic groups formed in different ways. The gene pool of Isker-Tobol Tatars descended from the local Siberian indigenous population and an intense, albeit relatively recent gene influx from Northeastern Europe. The gene pool of Yalutorovsky Tatars is determined by the Western Asian genetic component. The subethnic group of Siberian Bukhar Tatars is the closest to the gene pool of the Western Caucasus population. Ishtyak-Tokuz Tatars have preserved the genetic legacy of Paleo-Siberians, which connects them with populations from Southern, Western, and Central Siberia. The gene pool of the most isolated Zabolotny (Yaskolbinsky) Tatars is closest to Ugric peoples of Western Siberia and Samoyeds of the Northern Urals. Only two out of five Siberian Tatar groups studied show partial genetic similarity to other populations calling themselves Tatars: Isker-Tobol Siberian Tatars are slightly similar to Kazan Tatars, and Yalutorovsky Siberian Tatars, to Crimean Tatars. The approach based on the full sequencing of the Y chromosome reveals only a weak (2%) Central Asian genetic trace in the Siberian Tatar gene pool, dated to 900 years ago. Hence, the Mongolian hypothesis of the origin of Siberian Tatars is not supported in genetic perspective.

[Detection of replication sites in the nuclei of plant cells using semithin sections].

A novel approach for the detection of replication sites in plant cells nuclei is described. Included nucleotide (EdU) was detected using "click"-chemistry in semithin sections of the material embedded in acrylic resin. The usage of the protocol introduced allows: 1) to preserve the intact morphology of cells, 2) to work with any tissue, and 3) to obtain high-resolution microscopy (especially, axial).

[Genetic ecological monitoring in human populations: heterozygosity, mtDNA haplotype variation, and genetic load].

Yu. P. Altukhov suggested that heterozygosity is an indicator of the state of the gene pool. The idea and a linked concept of genetic ecological monitoring were applied to a new dataset on mtDNA variation in East European ethnic groups. Haplotype diversity (an analog of the average heterozygosity) was shown to gradually decrease northwards. Since a similar trend is known for population density, interlinked changes were assumed for a set of parameters, which were ordered to form a causative chain: latitude increases, land productivity decreases, population density decreases, effective population size decreases, isolation of subpopulations increases, genetic drift increases, and mtDNA haplotype diversity decreases. An increase in genetic drift increases the random inbreeding rate and, consequently, the genetic load. This was confirmed by a significant correlation observed between the incidence of autosomal recessive hereditary diseases and mtDNA haplotype diversity. Based on the findings, mtDNA was assumed to provide an informative genetic system for genetic ecological monitoring; e.g., analyzing the ecology-driven changes in the gene pool.

[The Russian gene pool: gene geography of Alu-insertions (ACE, APOA1, B65, PV92 TPA25)].

The analysis of five Alu insertion loci (ACE, AP4OA1, B65, PV92, TPA25) has been carried out for the first time in 10 Russian populations (1088 individuals), covered all parts of historical area of the Russian ethnos. Depending on locus, Russian populations exhibit similarity with their western (European populations) or with the eastern (populations of the Ural region) neighbors. Considering frequencies of the studied Alu-insertions, Russian gene pool exhibits low variation: average difference between populations is d = 0.007, whereas on classical markers, mtDNA and Y chromosome heterogeneity of Russian gene pool is essentially higher (0.013, 0.033 and 0.142 respectively). Therefore, this set of five Alu insertions has lower variability on the intra-ethnic level. However in inter-ethnic comparisons the clear pattern was obtained: 13 Eastern European ethnic groups formed three clusters, according with their historical and geographical position--East Slavic, Caucasian and South Ural clusters. The obtained data confirms efficiency of using Alu insertions for studying genetic differentiation and history of a gene pool of the Eastern European populations.

[Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Comparison of effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on blood levels of lipids and markers of inflammation].

UNLABELLED: Data on rapid effects of statins in patients (pts) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are mostly from trials of atorvastatin (ATO). We hypothesized that due to high potency 10 mg of rosuvastatin (ROS) would produce same changes of lipids and inflammation markers as 40 mg ATO. METHODS: We openly randomized 53 pts (69.7+/-10.1 years, 58.5% - man) within 36 h of non ST elevation (NSTE) ACS (56.6% NSTE myocardial infarction) to ROS 10 (n=19), ATO 40 (n=19) mg/day or no statin (n=15). Pts with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >6, triglycerides (TG) >4.5 mmol/l, C-reactive protein (CRP) >10 mg/l (non-fasting sample) were not included. LDL-C, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, TG, apolipoproteins A-1 (apoA), and B (apoB), high sensitivity CRP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in fasting blood sampled at randomization and 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Both statins caused similar decreases of LDL-C (-44.0% ROS, -50% ATO; both p<0.00001 vs control [-4%]). TG significantly rose in ROS (p=0.042) and control (p=0.008) groups but not in ATO group (p=0.615). HDL-C decreased similarly in 3 groups. ApoA-1 did not differ between 3 groups at all time points. ApoB decreased more in ATO (-32.6%), than in ROS (-24%) group (p=0.049). CRP and IL-6 changes from baseline were insignificant. In ROS group CRP had tendency to decrease but same tendency took place in control. TNFalpha significantly increased in all groups. There were no significant differences between 3 groups in inflammation markers. CONCLUSION: In pts with NSTEACS effect on lipids of ROS 10 mg was somewhat inferior to ATO 40 mg/day. Unexpectedly ATO and ROS during first 14 days of NSTEACS produced no significant effect on inflammation markers possibly because of insufficient dose of both.

[Diagnostic and management algorithm of acute pancreatitis].

The analysis of diagnostics and treatment of 602 patients with destructive pancreatitis has shown that definition of etiological and pathogenetic forms of pancreatitis defines strategy of treatment. In this way, patients with biliary pancreatitis require emergency operative treatment with use of endoscopic interventions without dependence from a stage of disease. To patients with alcoholic or alimentary pancreatitis in the stage of enzymatic toxemia conservative treatment should be spent only, until shock and/or delirium won't be reduced. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography + endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with concrement removal from common bile duct--is the operation of choice in case of acute biliary pancreatitis at the first stage. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the operation of choice at the second stage of disease. At destructive pancreatitis of other origin in a stage of the infection or necrotic suppurative inflammation use of open and closed small invasive methods of intervention is most proved. Given tactics of treatment has allowed to lower severity of clinical course, frequency of complications and lethality.

Perfluoroarylazide derivatives of 2'-O-modified oligoribonucleotides: efficient reagents for RNA photomodification.

Site-specific photomodification of the 5'-terminal fragment of MDR1 mRNA by perfluoroarylazide derivatives of 2'-O-modified (2'-O-methyl or 2'-O-tetrahydropyranyl) oligoribo- and oligodeoxyribonucleotides was investigated. The conjugates built of 2'-O-modified oligoribonucleotides demonstrate beneficial features compared with their deoxyribo analogs: the extent of RNA modification by 2'-O-modified oligoribonucleotides and oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugates was 40- 50% and 20%, respectively.

Two-component 10-23 DNA enzymes.

A new strategy for engineering of catalytic two-component constructions based on 10-23 DNAzyme was proposed. The using of a combination of shortened DNAzyme with 2'-O-methyl oligomers as effectors significantly increased the catalytic activity of this DNAzyme.

[Oligo(2'-O-tetrahydropyranylribonucleotides): hybridization properties and nuclease resistance]. / Oligo(2'-O-tetragidropiranilribonukleotidy): gibridizatsionnye svoistva i ustoichivost' k nukleazam.

Oligo(2'-tetrahydropyranylribonucleotides) and their analogues containing a 3'-3'-internucleotide bond at the 3'-terminus are nuclease-resistant and possess rather high affinity toward RNA, the main target in the antisense approach.

[Measurement of lead and cadmium in urine and blood by the inversion volta amperometry using SVA-IBM analyzer]. / Opredelenie svintsa i kadmiia v moche i krovi metodom inversionnoi vol'tamperometrii na analizatore SVA-IBM.

The authors suggest a method evaluating lead and cadmium in human urine by means of new Russian device SVA-IBM (CBA-IBM). Inversion volta amperometry forms a basis of the method that is quite sensitive, precise and selective. Substances normal for mineralized urine and blood do not interfere with the evaluation. The method is recommended for evaluation of lead and cadmium for clinical, hygienic, toxicological purposes. Unlike polarographic method, the technique requires no metallic mercury and highly pure inert gas.

The genetic aspects of influenza virus filamentous particle formation.

We analysed the genetic content of reassortants between parent viruses differing in their ability to form filaments. The results suggest that primarily HA, M, and NP genes are involved in the control of the filament forming ability. A lower buoyant density of the filamentous forms as compared to spherical particles allowed us to obtain a sufficiently pure population of filaments. A difference in the UV-inactivation kinetics between filaments and spherical virions suggests that the infectious filamentous forms are probably represented by multigenomic particles or partial heterozygotes.

[The safety of the preparation viroden for vertebrate animals]. / Issledovanie bezopasnosti preparata virodena dlia pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh.

Toxicity-pathogenicity test of viroden, a new preparation, and its acting agent--a mosquito densonucleosis virus (MDV) has been carried out on warm-blooded animals. It is shown that the preparation is not toxic for laboratory animals (white common mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits), chicken embryos and cell cultures of warm-blooded animals. The MDV is not adapted to a warm-blooded organism with different ways of introduction and in passages. Using electron and luminescent microscopy, serological reactions, specific test systems and a biological test for sensitive insects no explicit or latent infection was found in animals, chicken embryos and cell cultures of vertebrates with primary infection and in passages. Sensibilized animals shown an immunological rearrangement of the organism proceeding by the retarded hypersensitivity type.

[Selection of antigenic variants of the influenza virus on the cells of different hosts]. / Selektsiia antigennykh variantov virusa grippa na kletkakh raznykh khoziaev.

Antigenic differences were found in influenza B virus variants isolated and propagated in different systems: chick embryos (E variants) and MDCK cell culture (M variants). The antigenic differences in M and E variants were detected in HI tests with polyclonal mouse sera and monoclonal antibodies as well as in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos and MDCK cell culture, and confirmed when M and E variants were used as antigens for antibody detection in human sera. By protein mobility in PAGE, M and E variants did not differ from each other and were also identical with the reference B/Victoria/87 strain.

[Comparative characteristics of spherical and filamentous virions of influenza virus type A]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika sfericheskikh i filamentoznykh virionov virusa grippa A.

An analysis of fractions of a reassortant of A/WSN/33 and A/duck/Hochimin/014/78 strains enriched with spherical and filamentous virions showed that spherical and filamentous virus particles differed by sucrose density gradient. The relative content of nucleocapsid protein in filamentous virions was slightly lower than in spherical ones which might be due to different volume/surface ratio of these particles. The results of UV-inactivation of filamentous and spherical virions suggest that the filamentous particles are multigenomic.

[Development and basic properties of the viral preparation viroden]. / Razrabotka i osnovnye svoistva virusnogo preparata viroden.

Laboratory studies demonstrated the effectiveness of viroden preparation in different doses against preimago stages of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. After treatment of larvae of instar 1 at preimago stages about 77% of the insects died. The preparation is stable on storage and resistant to unfavourable environmental factors: sun radiation, heating, pH variations, without significant loss of activity. The study of the host range of densonucleosis virus, the active principle of the viroden preparation, showed that it was not harmful for other animals. Large-scale trials of the preparation in different climatic zones are necessary for the elucidation of its effectiveness against naturally occurring mosquito species.