ABSTRACT
AIM: We sought to identify the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and error types on the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: The CDT was administered to 142 patients with AD. We used the Mendez scoring method. Their rCBF values were measured by single-photon emission computed tomography. The correlation between the CDT total score and rCBF was examined on a voxel-by-voxel basis. After we excluded 37 patients whose drawings were inappropriate for assessing the CDT error types, we examined the relationships between each error type on the CDT and rCBF. RESULTS: Total score on the CDT was positively correlated with rCBF in the left posterior middle temporal lobe. We also found relationships between the error "non-existence of number 2, or not pointing toward number 2" and the left frontal lobe; the error "uneven number spacing" and the bilateral frontal lobe; "deviation of the clock center" and the left frontal lobe; "missing numbers" and the right parietal lobe; "uneven number distance from edge" and the right parietal and the temporal lobes; "same length hands" and the bilateral temporal lobe; and "unclosed circle" and the left temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Each error type on the CDT appears to relate to a different brain region. These findings will be useful in the understanding of CDT performances and the underlying neuropsychological pathology. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 777-784.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Cerebral Cortex/blood supply , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Diagnostic Errors , Neuropsychological Tests , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Cognition , Female , Humans , Japan , Male , Spatial Navigation , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
To determine the factors related to the destination on discharge from the geriatric ward of Nagoya University Hospital, we analyzed the relationship between the scores of comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission and the destination in patients who had dwelled in home. The scores of basic activity of daily living (Barthel index), instrumental activity of daily living (Lowton scale), and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) were significantly lower in the patients who moved to institutions than those in the patients who returned home. The proportion of disabilities in all items, except eating, in the Barthel index, and all items but washing in the Lowton scale were significantly higher in patients who moved to institutions than in patients who returned home. Space orientation, calculation, and drawing in the Mini-Mental State Examination were related to the destination. In items for social life communication and group behavior were related to the destination. In multiple logistic regression models, it was suggested that activity of daily living, specifically independence of excretion, and ability in communication were significantly related to the destination on discharge.
