[Posterior approach for foreign body removal from optic nerve head. Case report].

A technique of foreign body removal from optic nerve head performing an external approach and optic nerve transection is described. After 3 months of follow-up cosmetic result is satisfactory and there are no surgery related complications.

[An experimental substantiation of nitric-oxide containing gas flow in the treatment of eye traumas]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie primeneniia oksida azota v gazota v gazovom potoke dlia lecheniia travm glaza.

The hypothesis on the biostimulating effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was made use of to develop a new method to stimulate the healing of wounds through treating them by a NO saturated gas flow. The above gas flow is generated by air-plasma unit "Plazon". The experimental and clinical studies confirmed that the NO-therapy is a highly effective treatment method for different lesions of the skin and soft tissues. We tried to use the above method in ophthalmology. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to assess the impact of the NO-containing gas flow on the eyeball structures. An optimal mode was designed, which does not exert any influence on the intraocular pressure, Ph of the lachrymal fluid, antioxidative activity and on the proteinase-inhibitor balance in tears; no morphological changes occurred in the ocular tissue structures. The mentioned morphological and biochemical studies confirmed that the application of the NO-containing gas flow speeds up the healing, process of both an experimental cornea erosion and penetrating corneal wounds. Optimal modes of NO-therapy were defined for both types of lesions.

[Effects of gaseous flow containing nitric oxide on the eyeball structures (an experimental study)]. / Vliianie gazovogo potoka, soderzhashchego oksid azota, na struktury glaznogo iabloka (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Nitric oxide is one of the main factors of intra- and intercellular regulation in the organism. Its vasodilating, antiaggregant, antithrombogenic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and immunogenic effects are well known. It stimulates the reparative processes in soft tissue injuries. We failed to find reports about the role of NO in the wound process in the eyes. The source of NO in our experiments was medical air-plasma device Plason. Exposure of the eye to NO-containing gaseous flow did not cause changes in the lacrimal pH; NO penetrated through the cornea and sclera, exerted no appreciable cytotoxic effect on the surface epithelium of the eye, did not change the intraocular pressure, and caused no morphological changes in ocular tissues. On the other hand, NO-containing gaseous flow had an appreciable lasting effect on the diameter of the conjunctival vessels, this effect being dose-dependent. The doses of NO-containing gaseous flow which can be used in the treatment of eye wounds were determined.

[Specific features of war injuries of the eyes in peace time]. / Spetsifika voevoi travmy glaz mirnogo vremeni.

The authors analyze clinical features of injuries to the organ of vision under extreme conditions of a local war conflict and present their recommendations on rehabilitation of the victims. The status of 203 patients with eyeball wounds inflicted under such conditions is analyzed. To optimize the outcomes of war traumas to the eye inflicted in peace time the authors give the following recommendations based on the specific features of such injuries and the objective conditions in foci of regional conflicts: (1) Rapid evacuation of wounded subjects to the nearest ophthalmological institutions; (2) Maximally early primary ophthalmological care with obligatory primary surgical debridement of the wound; (3) No attempts at removal of a foreign body during primary surgical debridement at local medical institutions; (4) the earliest possible evacuation of the victims after wound debridement to specialized ophthalmo-traumatological institutions for further rehabilitation.