ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: to compare the efficacy of intravenous polymyxin B with other antimicrobials in the treatment of nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia, assessing many potential confounding factors, including optimal dosage regimens of drugs. METHODS: a retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients ≥ 18 years of age and who received appropriate therapy for ≥ 48 h for P. aeruginosa bacteraemia were analysed. Clinical covariates were assessed and compared between patients treated with polymyxin B and other drugs (comparators). Data were retrieved from medical records. Renal toxicity was also assessed. A Cox regression model was performed including variables with a P â≤â 0.20 in the comparison between both groups. RESULTS: a total of 133 patients were included: 45 (33.8%) treated with polymyxin B and 88 (66.2%) with comparators. Most comparators (83.0%) were ß-lactams. The overall in-hospital mortality was 41.4% (55/133): 66.7% (30/45) and 28.4% (25/88) in polymyxin B and comparator groups, respectively (P â≤â 0.001). The final multivariate model showed that treatment with polymyxin B was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.45), after adjustment for Pitt bacteraemia score, and the presence of mechanical ventilation and primary bloodstream infection. Patients treated with polymyxin B presented a higher rate of ≥ 100% increase in creatinine level from baseline than comparators [11/45 (24.4%) versus 4/88 (4.5%); P = 0.002], although this was not subjected to multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: intravenous polymyxin B therapy was inferior to other drugs in the treatment of P. aeruginosa bacteraemia, as indicated by the higher rate of in-hospital mortality.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/microbiology , Polymyxin B/administration & dosage , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Bacteremia/mortality , Cohort Studies , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/mortality , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Polymyxin B/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We evaluated clinical outcomes and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmecIV recovered from patients who attended at a teaching hospital from Porto Alegre, Brazil. All Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producer isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 30 (11 isolates, related to Oceania Southwest Pacific clone [OSPC]), and the PVL-negative isolates were typed as CC5 (2 isolates, related to the pediatric clone). Five patients had health care-associated infections (HCAIs) with hospital-onset, 5 HCAIs with community-onset, and 3 community-acquired infections without risks. A high overall mortality (30.8%) was found. This study show that OSPC isolates are not only causing community-associated infections but are also involved in HCAI in our country.
