ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: According to an estimation of the WHO, almost 80% of people globally are treated by traditional medicine. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the anti-ulcerogenic potential of Salmalia malabarica extract in rats using aspirin-, alcohol- and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of Salmalia malabarica extract was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to all 3 ulcer-induced models for 5 consecutive days. The anti-ulcerogenic potential in rats treated with 2 doses of Salmalia malabarica extract and omeprazole (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was determined and compared to the control groups. RESULTS: Salmalia malabarica extract showed a significant decrease in ulcer index as compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner. Salmalia malabarica extract also showed protection of 66.22% and 74.54% in asprin-, 73.79% and 78.14% in alcohol- and 68.94% and 78.84% in pylorus ligation-induced ulcers. However, omeprazole showed protection of 84.73%, 85.5% and 86.12% in aspirin-, alcohol- and pylorus ligation-induced ulcers, respectively. Furthermore, Salmalia malabarica extract significantly decreased the volume of gastric juice, free and total acidity, whereas it increased gastric pH when directly compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusively, Salmalia malabarica possesses anti-ulcerogenic, antisecretory, and cytoprotective potential and can be used as a supplement for the treatment of gastric ulcers in a dose dependent manner.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Bombax , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Animals , Aspirin , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanol , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Gastric Acidity Determination , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Omeprazole/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plant Bark , Plants, Medicinal , Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/pathology , Stomach Ulcer/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Utilizing the technique of differential display of mRNA, we have identified p53-responsive genes that are transcriptionally up- or down-regulated as cells enter growth arrest. One gene that was down-regulated, pong16, was found to be identical to stathmin/Op18, a protein involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Evidence that p53 is directly or indirectly involved in negative regulation of stathmin/Op18 expression includes the following: (i) p53-mediated growth inhibition is associated with repression of stathmin/Op18 expression following serum stimulation, (ii) reporter gene assays revealed p53-mediated repression of stathmin/Op18 promoter activity and (iii) constitutive over-expression of stathmin/Op18 bypasses a p53-mediated G(2)/M arrest in the cell cycle. These results suggest that p53-mediated negative regulation of stathmin/Op18 plays an important role in cell-cycle control.
