ABSTRACT
In this paper, four new aromatic imines containing at least one thiazole-based heterocycle were analyzed in detail by UV-Vis spectroscopy, taking into consideration their chemical structures and interactions with PTB7, a known polymeric electron donor widely used in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. It is demonstrated that the absorption spectra of the investigated active compositions can be modified not only by changing the chemical structure of imine, but also via formulations with PTB7. For all investigated imines and PTB7:imine compositions, calibration curves were obtained in order to find the optimum concentration in the composition with PTB7 for expansion and optimization of absorption spectra. All imines and PTB7:imine compositions were investigated in 1,2-dichlorobenzene by UV-Vis spectroscopy in various concentrations, monitoring the changes in the π-π* and n-π* transitions. With increasing imine concentrations, we did not observe changes in absorption maxima, while with increasing imine concentrations, a hypochromic effect was observed. Finally, we could conclude that all investigated compositions exhibited wide absorptions of up to 800 nm and isosbestic points in the range of 440-540 nm, confirming changes in the macromolecular organization of the tested compounds. The theoretical calculations of their vibration spectra (FTIR) and LUMO-HOMO levels by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are also provided. Finally, IR thermal images were measured for organic devices based on imines and the imine:PTB7 composite.
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: During the last few years we have been observing the decreasing incidence of the symptomatic celiac disease and increasing incidence of mono- and asymptomatic disease. Various atypical symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations were observed in older children (above 7 years) and in adults. Clinical symptoms of celiac disease may appear at any age, in each of the following forms: clinical celiac disease (symptomatic), silent (oligosymptomatic) or latent, with late manifestation, being the effect of stress, pregnancy, infections or excessive dietary gluten provocation. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The presentation the variety of clinical pictures of celiac disease in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have evaluated the clinical course of celiac disease in 16 children (13 girls and 3 boys), aged between 12 months to 17 years (mean-7,5 years). The celiac disease was diagnosed on the grounds of clinical symptoms, histopathological examination of the small intestinal endoscopic biopsy and immunological examinations: serum antitransglutaminase antibodies and anti-endomysium antibodies. RESULTS: Most commonly diagnosed form was the silent, monosymptomatic celiac disease. Four children manifested with growth retardation, one with osteoporosis, and one with iron deficiency anemia resistant to treatment. Two girls (aged 16 and 17 years) presented with symptomatic celiac disease. In 3 patients despite the gastrointestinal symptoms and histopathological changes present (villous atrophy, Marsh's index > 40) we did not find any immunological markers of celiac disease (with normal IgA levels). CONCLUSIONS: School-aged children with celiac disease, in many cases have no evident clinical and functional disorders caused by gluten intake, despite to presence of considerable abnormalities in the histopathological examination.
Subject(s)
Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Intestine, Small/pathology , Adolescent , Celiac Disease/blood , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Celiac Disease/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
In this work we presented a retrospective analysis of Salmonella infections in 163 children aged between 0-36 months. The children were treated in IV Department of Pediatrics at Medical University of Silesia (Poland) in years 1987-1998. We analyzed: clinical course, dependence between age of the patients and the type of Salmonella, number of infections and their seasonal incidence during 12 years of observation. These relations were compared with the group of 17 children with Salmonella infections treated in the Department of Pediatrics GCZDzM in Katowice in 2001.
