Circulating adipokines and risk of obesity related cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity can influence on carcinogenesis through alterations in adipokines and subsequent inflammatory changes. This meta-analysis was aimed to comprehensively assess the association between circulating adipokines and risk of obesity-related cancers. METHODS: Pubmed and Embase were searched up to October 2017 for observational studies investigating the relationship between adipokines and cancers. Pooled odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval was estimated through the meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Findings A total of 93 observational studies (adiponectin = 60, high molecular weight adiponectin = 9, leptin = 39, IL-6 = 16, TNF-α = 10, and resistin = 17) were included. Adiponectin was significantly associated with decreased risk of cancer (pooled OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.80; I2 = 71.9%; Pheterogeneity <0.01). Leptin was significantly associated with increased risk of cancer (1.26, 1.05-1.51; I2 = 65.7%; Pheterogeneity <0.01). For each 5 µg/ml increase in adiponectin and 5 ng/ml increase in leptin, the pooled OR was 0.88 (0.83-0.93; I2 = 80.2%; Pheterogeneity <0.01) and 1.05 (1.01-1.09; I2 = 67.9%; Pheterogeneity<0.01)), respectively. There was nonlinear dose-response association (Pnonlinearity for adiponectin = 0.01; Pnonlinearity for leptin = 0.003).IL-6 (1.09, 0.94-1.25), TNF- α (1.65, 0.99-2.74), and resistin (1.28, 0.78-2.11) was not associated with risk of cancer. By cancer site and type, highest category of adiponectin was associated with decreased risk of breast (OR 0.74, 0.60-0.91), colorectal (0.74, 0.60-0.91), and endometrial cancer (0.49, 0.34-0.72). Higher leptin was associated with increased risk of endometrial (1.88, 1.24-2.87) and kidney cancer (2.07, 1.51-2.83). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the etiology of cancer.

Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.

Eating alone has been an emerging social concern in modern life. However, there is little research on the association between eating alone and Metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to assess the association between eating alone and the MetS and to identify whether sociodemographic factors modify this association. This study included 7725 adults (≥19 years) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013-2014. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used for assessing the association of eating alone (none, 1 time/day, and ≥2 times/day) with MetS. The percentages of subjects with MetS were 30.4% in men and 24.2% in women. 20.8% of men and 29.2% of women ate alone ≥2 times/day. Individuals who ate alone 2 or more times per day showed higher frequency of living alone, having no spouse, skip meals, and less eating out (p<0.05). Women with eating alone ≥2 times/day had a crude OR of 1.29 (95% CI:1.08-1.53, p-trend=0.001) for MetS compared with women without eating alone. However, this association was no longer significant after adjustments for confounding factors. Eating alone ≥2 times/day was significantly associated with increase abdominal obesity (OR, 95% CI:1.45, 1.10-1.91, p-trend=0.039) and MetS (1.64, 1.28-2.10, p-trend=0.004) in men. Eating alone was associated with a higher likelihood of having a MetS in men without spouse as compared with those with spouse (OR for men without spouse 3.02, 95% CI:1.50-6.11 and OR for men with spouse 1.48, 95% CI:1.22-1.7, p-interaction=0.027). Our results indicate that eating alone may be a potential risk factor for MetS.

Design and preliminary results of a metropolitan lifestyle intervention program for people with metabolic syndrome in South Korea.

INTRODUCTION: The Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management (SMESY) project, a metropolitan lifestyle intervention program aimed at decreasing the risk of metabolic syndrome to the residents of the city, has recently been implemented in 2011. METHODS: Our target population consisted of residents of Seoul who were 30-64 years old. Subjects visiting a Public Health Center were screened for five risk factors for metabolic syndrome and then divided into three groups according to the number of the risk factors: active counseling, for having more than three risk factors; motivational guide, for having one or two; and information support for having none. Members of the active counseling group, the main target of the project, were provided with monthly in-person counseling on health-related lifestyle choices, as well as a follow-up examination every 3 months during the 12-month program. RESULTS: In the active counseling group, subjects showed statistically significant improvements in all five risk factors and the average number of retained risk factors decreased from 3.5 to 2.7. However, the percentage of active counseling group members who attended at least 3 out of the 4 sessions provided was only 11.3%. As for the motivational guide group and the information support group, clinically significant improvements were not observed and the percentage of members who attended all sessions were 10.4% and 11.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increased public participation for the ongoing project is expected to lead to great positive changes in the health of people with metabolic syndrome.