Genetic variation and systemic lupus erythematosus: A field synopsis and systematic meta-analysis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-systemic severe autoimmune disease which results from the irreversible loss of self-tolerance and impaired molecular responses, especially an altered interferon signature. We synthesized all meta-analyses reporting a genetic association of SLE, and further investigated their validity to discover false positive results under Bayesian methods. We executed a PubMed search to extract the respective results regarding gene polymorphisms of SLE, published until June 30th 2017 and selected a single result per genetic variant among duplicates. Among 133 significant genotype comparisons, 45 (34%) were found noteworthy under both false positive report probability (FPRP) and Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). From the meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we could confirm that all significant comparisons were noteworthy under both Bayesian approaches. Both approaches may be advantageous for determining whether the reported associations are genuine, especially for interpreting results from observational studies instead of GWAS whose significance was determined in a more strict manner. When determining results from GWAS with a p-value ranging between 0.05 and 5 × 10-8, other statistical approaches, rather than single standard significance may be beneficial. Taking into account these considerations, a proportion of meta-analyses claimed statistical significance, but these results need to be interpreted with caution.

Stability After Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy With Rigid Internal Fixation in Surgery-First Approach.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSO) setback with rigid internal fixation in a surgery-first approach (SFA) for patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with BSSO with the SFA were included in the study. Lateral cephalograms were taken and traced before surgery and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Cephalometric measurements were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. A P value less than or equal to .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The study included 9 men (age, 25.7 ± 2.9 yr) and 18 women (age, 26.6 ± 4.2 yr). Treatment time was 8.4 ± 1.5 months. Horizontally, there were no meaningful anteroposterior changes of the pogonion and B point during the postsurgical period (0.9 and 0.6 mm, respectively). Vertically, the pogonion showed superior movement after surgery (2.4 mm) without major postsurgical change (0.6 mm). The B point showed major superior movement after surgery (2.3 mm) and during the postsurgical period (1.2 mm). The inclination of the lower incisor was increased labially during the postsurgical period (2.4°), although this was not statistically important. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, there was no major horizontal relapse for any variable (<1 mm). Vertically, all variables showed no meaningful changes during the postsurgical period except the B point showed 1.2 mm of superior displacement. BSSO with rigid fixation using the SFA seems to be an effective and predictable procedure in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.