ABSTRACT
The detrended moving-average (DMA) method is a new approach to quantify correlation properties in nonstationary signals with underlying trends. This paper monitored the depth of anesthesia (DoA) using modified DMA (MDMA) method. MDMA provides a power-law relation between the fluctuation function F(MDMA)(s) and the scale s: F(MDMA)(s)αs(α), where α is the slope of F(MDMA)(s) in the logarithm scale. We applied the MDMA to monitor the DoA by computing the scaling exponent F(α) and F(min) values. To validate the proposed method, we compared our results with the bispectral index (BIS) monitor. We found a close correlation between our results and BIS with r(F (min)) = 0.9346, r(2)(F(min)) = 0.9183, and r(F(α)) = 0.9458, r(2)(F(α)) = 0.8855. Our method reflects the state of consciousness of a patient undergoing general anesthesia faster than BIS as observed clinically. The minimum time delay between the BIS and F(min) trends was 12 s and the maximum was 178 s. Furthermore, in the case of poor signal quality, our results agreed with clinical observation, which indicates that our method can accurately estimate a patient's hypnotic state in such circumstances. F(α) and F(min) trends are responsive and their movement seems similar to changes in the clinical state of the patients.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia/methods , Electroencephalography/methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Adult , Aged , Algorithms , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a new method to identify anesthetic states based on routinely recorded electroencephalogram (EEG). The identification of anesthesia stages are conducted using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and modified detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method. Simulation results demonstrate that this new method can clearly discriminate all five anesthesia states: very deep anesthesia, deep anesthesia, moderate anesthesia, light anesthesia and awake.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Electroencephalography , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Algorithms , Humans , Intraoperative CareABSTRACT
Sam68 is a target of the c-Src tyrosine kinase. We previously showed that overexpression of Sam68 functionally substitutes for, as well as synergies with, HIV-1 Rev in Rev-response element (RRE)-mediated gene expression and virus replication. Here we describe the identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) as a protein that specifically interacts with Sam68 in vitro and in vivo. HnRNP K did not bind to RRE-RNA directly, but formed a super complex with Sam68 and RRE in vitro. RNase treatment did not change the strength of binding of hnRNP K to Sam68. We demonstrated that hnRNP K significantly inhibited Sam68-mediated, but not Rev-mediated, RRE-dependent gene expression. We further showed that Sam68, but not a non-functional mutant Sam68p21, inhibited transcriptional activation of CT element by hnRNP K. Interestingly, the Sam68p21 with a single amino acid substitution in the nuclear localization domain exhibited less affinity for hnRNP K in vitro. We propose that the direct interaction of Sam68 and hnRNP K adversely affect the activities of both proteins in signal transduction pathways of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation , Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Animals , COS Cells , Cells, Cultured , DNA-Binding Proteins , Dactinomycin/pharmacology , Genes, env , HeLa Cells , Humans , Protein Binding , Protein Biosynthesis , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Signal Transduction , Two-Hybrid System TechniquesABSTRACT
Tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk for the development of coronary and pulmonary vascular diseases and smoking cessation will greatly reduce this risk. Nicotine replacement and nonnicotine modalities have been used alone and in combination to help in smoking cessation. These treatment modalities appear to be safe in patients with known stable coronary artery disease.
Subject(s)
Nicotiana , Nicotine , Nicotine/analogs & derivatives , Smoking Cessation , Smoking , Acetates/therapeutic use , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Intranasal , Bupropion/therapeutic use , Chewing Gum , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Nicotine/administration & dosage , Nicotine/chemistry , Nicotine/pharmacokinetics , Nicotine/therapeutic use , Nortriptyline/therapeutic use , Polymethacrylic Acids/administration & dosage , Polymethacrylic Acids/therapeutic use , Polyvinyls/administration & dosage , Polyvinyls/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Silver Compounds/therapeutic use , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Tobacco, SmokelessABSTRACT
Cardiac complications of radiotherapy for cancer, especially lymphoma and breast cancer, are well documented. The three tunics of the heart can be affected. However, valvular disease is rare and, when present, is usually regurgitant. Stenosis is very rare. The authors report the case of a 31 year old man who developed double mitro-aortic valvular stenosis 20 years after mediastinal radiotherapy associated with aortic regurgitation, right coronary stenosis and inflammatory epicardo-pericarditis with effusion. Surgery was undertaken and associated double aortic and mitral valve replacement and right coronary by pass grafting.
