ABSTRACT
FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations are key to defining the genetic risk profile of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to assess the prognostic features of the FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations in old and/or unfit individuals with AML treated with non-intensive therapies in the era before azacitidine-venetoclax approbation. The results of various non-intensive regimens were also compared. We conducted a retrospective analysis that included patients treated with different non-intensive regimens, between 2007 and 2020 from PETHEMA AML registry. We compiled 707 patients with a median age of 74 years and median follow-up time of 37.7 months. FLT3-ITD patients (N = 98) showed a non-significant difference in overall survival (OS) compared to FLT3-ITD negative-patients (N = 608) (P = 0.17, median OS was 5 vs 7.3 months respectively). NPM1-mutated patients (N = 144) also showed a non-significant difference with NPM1 wild type (N = 519) patients (P = 0.25, median OS 7.2 vs 6.8 respectively). In the Cox regression analysis neither NPM1 nor FLT3-ITD nor age were significant prognostic variables for OS prediction. Abnormal karyotype and a high leukocyte count showed a statistically significant deleterious effect. Azacitidine also showed better survival compared to FLUGA (low dose cytarabine plus fludarabine). NPM1 and FLT3-ITD seem to lack prognostic value in older/unfit AML patients treated with non-intensive regimens other than azacitidine-venetoclax combination.
ABSTRACT
En Atención Primaria, la tos es un síntoma de consulta frecuente. Por ello debemos realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial de diversas patologías que cursan con tos como síntoma inicial. Presentamos el caso de una mujer en tratamiento crónico con nitrofurantoína para profilaxis de infección urinaria de repetición que había comenzado en el último mes con un cuadro de tos y disnea progresiva que empeoró a pesar de los distintos tratamientos iniciados. Tras las diferentes pruebas complementarias realizadas se diagnostica de neumonitis intersticial originada por exposición crónica a nitrofurantoína. Con este caso pretendemos recordar las afecciones intersticiales del pulmón, que suelen cursar todas ellas con una sintomatología típica (tos sin expectoración, disnea progresiva, crepitantes a la auscultación,...) y cuya etiología en ocasiones es conocida (exposición a fármacos, ambiente laboral, radioterapia...). En el tratamiento hay que evitar la exposición de los agentes causales y largas pautas con tratamiento corticoideo o inmunosupresor si no hay respuesta a corticoides
Cough is a frequently consulted symptom in primary care consultations. Thus, we must make a correct differential diagnosis of different diseases that occur with cough as the initial symptom. We present the case of a woman under chronic treatment with nitrofurantoin for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections who had begun with a picture of cough and progressive dyspnea in the last month which had become worse in spite of the different treatments initiated. After performing the different complementary tests, interstitial pneumonitis caused by chronic exposure to nitrofurantoin was diagnosed. With this case, we aim to bring to mind the interstitial lung diseases that generally occur with typical symptoms (cough without expectoration, progressive dyspnea, crackling rates on auscultation, etc.) and whose etiology is sometimes known (exposure to drugs, work environment, radiotherapy, etc.). Exposure to causal agents and long treatment regimes with corticosteroids or immunosuppressants if there is no response to corticosteroids should be avoided
