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1.
Ginecol Obstet Mex ; 79(5): 269-79, 2011 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21966815

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 reaches the placenta through the maternal-fetal transmission from an infected uterus. This virus has cytolytic capabilities. The placenta in its maturation process has regressive or degenerative changes within certain limits, are considered normal. However, factors such as virus and antiretrovirals, can increase the proportion of these lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphological changes in placental villi of pregnant women infected with HIV-1 treated with AZT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: descriptive, prospective, comparative, with non-probability sampling of observations in villi as units of analysis of the placentas from the group of patients with HIV-1 infection and zidovudine regimen and of the control group of four placentas from HIV negative patients. Both groups in the last trimester of pregnancy. H-E staining was used in 25 films from five placental regions of the study group and four from the control group, using a protocol of 6 variables identifying syncytial knots, fibrinoid changes, villous edema, stromal fibrosis, calcification and villous immaturity. Observations were analyzed using ANOVA as a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with 4 replications subsampling and split plot design and Tukey test. RESULTS: Chorionic villi showed percentages of alterations that exceed the normal range. It showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the placentas exposed to HIV-1 and AZT and normal placentas in relation to the percentage of villi affected by 5 variables, except fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The lesions may be increasing the vertical transmission of HIV-1. We also found evidence that the placenta is not in the best conditions for the transfer of gases, nutrients and metabolites, which could promote a decrease in birth weight and placental weight.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Chorionic Villi/pathology , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV-1 , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Birth Weight , Calcinosis/pathology , Chorionic Villi/drug effects , Edema/etiology , Edema/pathology , Female , Fibrosis , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Organ Size/drug effects , Placenta/drug effects , Placenta/metabolism , Placenta/pathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Prospective Studies , Stromal Cells/pathology , Viral Load , Zidovudine/adverse effects , Zidovudine/pharmacology
2.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 68(3): 168-174, sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-522991

ABSTRACT

Examinar la ultraestructura del sincitiotrofoblasto en placentas de embarazadas complicadas con preeclampsia con especial referencia al efecto de la hipoxia sobre la estructura fina del tejido. Diez placentas, a término, afectadas por preeclampsia, fueron tomadas inmediatamente después del parto por cesárea y de cada una de ellas tres biopsias de la superficie maternal se disecaron en sala de parto, en especímenes de 2 a 5 mm, y se fijaron por inmersión en glutaraldehido al 4 por ciento, pH 7,4,a 4 ºC. Posteriormente se dividieron en fragmentos de 1 mm y sumergidos en solución fresca fijadora por períodos variables de 2 a 72 horas seguidas por una fijación secundaria en tetraóxido de osmio al 1 por ciento en buffer fosfato 0,1 M durante 1 hora. Las muestras se procesaron siguiendo los procedimientos convencionales de a microscopia electrónica de transmisión para su observación. Laboratorio de microscopia electrónica del Ciadana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Maracay. Los hallazgos revelan proyecciones de la membrana plasmática del sincitio de diversas formas, que simulan desprenderse de la superficie. La membrana basal del sincitio se mostró engrosada. Mitocondrias en diversos grados de degeneración presentaron partículas electron densas en la matriz mitocondrial. Regiones apicales del citoplasma sincitial parecen desprenderse hacia el espacio intervelloso. Numerosas vacuolas intracitoplasmáticas y ampliaciones de las cisternas del retículo endoplásmico rugoso se destacan en el citoplasma. Interrupciones de la membrana sincitial y regiones citoplásmicas sin membrana plasmática se notaron. Fragmentos del sincitio desprendidos de la superficie del mismo sugieren ser los corpúsculos que dañan los endotelios de la unidad materna – feto – placentaria constituyendo uno de los estímulos para l mantenimiento de a patogénesis de a preeclampsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hypoxia/pathology , Placenta , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Trophoblasts/ultrastructure , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/ultrastructure , Obstetrics
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