Training, detraining and retraining effects of moderate vs. high intensity exercise training programme on cardiovascular risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of training, 7 weeks of detraining and 16 weeks of retraining using a moderate or high intensity training programme on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. METHOD: Thirty-four patients took part in the study. The intensity training was 80-90% of maximum heart rate for the high-intensity training (HIT) group ( n  = 15) and at 50-70% of maximum heart rate for the moderate training (MT) group ( n  = 19). Blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, fasting glucose, strength and cardiovascular fitness were analysed. RESULTS: The first training period did not decrease blood pressure, but the second training period saw significant decreases in blood pressures in HIT group. Moreover, 12 weeks of MT or HIT did not decrease body mass, body mass index or fat mass. However, after 7 weeks of detraining, the inclusion of a second training period using HIT saw decreases in these body composition variables. Both training periods and intensities improved high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but only HIT decreased total cholesterol. In addition, after 7 weeks of detraining, the lipid profile variables returned to baseline values. Additionally, 16 weeks of retraining with HIT or MT decreased blood glucose significantly. Moreover, MT and HIT training programmes in both periods improved cardiorespiratory fitness, but with 7 weeks of detraining, it returned to baseline values. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated the effectiveness of the inclusion of a MT or HIT programme as adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients.

Influence of Structure-modifying Agents in the Synthesis of Zr-doped SBA-15 Silica and Their Use as Catalysts in the Furfural Hydrogenation to Obtain High Value-added Products through the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction.

Zr-doped mesoporous silicas with different textural parameters have been synthesized in the presence of structure-modifying agents, and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption at -196 °C, NH3 thermoprogrammed desorption (NH3⁻TPD), CO2 thermoprogrammed desorption (CO2⁻TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These porous materials were evaluated in the furfural hydrogenation through the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction. The catalytic results indicate that the catalyst synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and adding a pore expander agent is more active and selective to furfuryl alcohol. However, the Zr-doped porous silica catalysts that were synthesized at room temperature, which possess narrow pore sizes, tend to form i-propyl furfuryl and difurfuryl ethers, coming from etherification between furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and isopropanol molecules (used as H-donor) by a SN2 mechanism.

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Raquitismo en cerdos en crecimiento / Rickets in growing pigs

Se describe la aparición de un proceso de raquitismo en cerdos en crecimiento. Los signos clínicos fueron cojeras, fracturas óseas y paraplejía. En la necropsia se apreció engrosamiento de las zonas próximas a la articulación tibiotarsal y las articulaciones costocondrales. Microscópicamente se observó engrosamiento del periostio con presencia de focos de osificación, líneas de osificación irregular y la aparición de lagunas de cartílago entre el tejido osificado. El análisis del pienso demostró que casi la totalidad del fósforo presente procedía de las materias primas, por lo que no se había añadido ninguna cantidad en el corrector vitamínico-mineral. El diagnóstico final fue de raquitismo asociado a un desequilibrio mineral, determinándose que estaba relacionado con un fallo durante la fabricación del pienso, ya que se había adicionando una décima parte del corrector que figuraba en la fórmula (AU)

The appearance of a process of rickets in growing pigs is described. The clinical signs observed were lameness, bone fractures and paraplegia. The necropsy revealed thickening of the tibiotarsal and costocondral joints. Microscopically, thickening of the periostium with presence of ossification foci, irregular ossification lines and the appearance of cartilage areas between the ossified tissue was observed. Feed samples were analyzed and was demonstrated that almost the total phosphorum present came from the raw materials and no phosphorum was added in the vitamin-mineral complex. The final diagnosis was rickets due to a mineral imbalance. The problem was due to a error in manufacturing feed. Ten fold less quantity of vitamin-mineral complex of the specified was added to the feed by a transciption error in the formula (AU)