Reference ventricular dimensions and function parameters by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in highly trained Caucasian athletes.

BACKGROUND: Data regarding cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference values in athletes have not been well determined yet. Using CMR normal reference values derived from the general population may be misleading in athletes and may have clinical implications. AIMS: To determine reference ventricular dimensions and function parameters and ratios by CMR in high performance athletes. METHODS: Elite athletes and age- and gender-matched sedentary healthy controls were included. Anatomical and functional variables, including biventricular volumes, mass, systolic function, wall thickness, sphericity index and longitudinal function were determined by CMR. RESULTS: A total of 148 athletes (29.2 ± 9.1 years; 64.8% men) and 124 controls (32.1 ± 10.5 years; 67.7% men) were included. Left ventricular (LV) mass excluding papillary muscles was 67 ± 13 g/m2 in the control group and increased from 65 ± 14 g/m2 in the low intensity sport category to 83 ± 16 g/m2 in the high cardiovascular demand sport category; P < 0.001. Regarding right ventricular (RV) mass, the data were 20 ± 5, 31 ± 6, and 38 ± 8 g/m2, respectively; P < 0.001. LV and RV volumes, and wall thickness were higher in athletes than in the control group, and also increased with sport category. However, LV and RV ejection fractions were similar in both groups. LV and RV dimensions, wall thickness and LV/RV ratios reference parameters for athletes are provided. CONCLUSIONS: LV and RV masses, volumes, and wall thicknesses are higher in athletes than in sedentary subjects. Specific CMR reference ranges for athletes are provided and can be used as reference levels, rather than the standard upper limits used for the general population to exclude cardiomyopathy.

Evolución y resultados del tratamiento neoadyuvante en cáncer de mama durante un periodo de 10 años / Progress and oncological outcome of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients during a 10-year period

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente en mujeres españolas. Los continuos avances en su tratamiento han contribuido a mejorar de forma progresiva la supervivencia en estadios precoces. Entre los avances durante los últimos años, hay que destacar el tratamiento neoadyuvante.Material y métodoshemos valorado la evolución temporal de las indicaciones y los resultados del tratamiento neoadyuvante del cáncer de mama durante un periodo de 10 años. Para ello, se han analizado las características clínicas, la respuesta completa patológica (RCp), la supervivencia global (SG) y libre de progresión (SLP) de todos los pacientes con cáncer de mama tratados con neoadyuvancia entre el 1 de enero de 2007 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016.Resultadosse han tratado 212 pacientes con cáncer de mama. A lo largo de los 10 años hemos observado un progresivo aumento en el número de pacientes tratadas con neoadyuvancia, en la edad de los pacientes incluidos (p < 0,001), en los casos de menopausia (p = 0,029), de casos triple negativo y HER2 positivo. También, hemos observado un aumento en el número de casos en los que se ha realizado cirugía conservadora y biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela.Conclusionesel tratamiento neoadyuvante se utiliza cada vez más en las pacientes con cáncer de mama, sobre todo en los subtipos de mal pronóstico (triple negativo y HER2). La incorporación de nuevos fármacos y el tratamiento de estadios más precoces está contribuyendo a la mejora de las tasas de RCp y las cirugías conservadoras. (AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in Spanish women. Continuous advances in the treatment of this neoplasm, have contributed to progressively improve survival in early stages. In the last years, neoadjuvant treatment has evolved and changes have occurred in the treatment indication and in the results.Material and methodsWe have assessed the temporal evolution of indications and results of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer over a 10-year period. We have analyzed the clinical characteristics, the complete pathological response (CRp), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy between January 1st 2007 and December 31st 2016.ResultsDuring the study period, 212 patients were treated.  Throughout the 10-year period, we observed that increasingly older patients had been treated (p < 0.001), a greater number of menopausal patients (p = 0.029), a greater number of triple negative and HER2 positive cases. In addition, a larger number of conservative surgeries and sentinel lymph node biopsies had been performed.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant therapy is increasing in patients with breast cancer, especially in subtypes with poor prognosis (triple negative and HER2). The emerging new drugs and treatment in earlier stages has increased the rate of pCR and breast conserving surgery. (AU)

Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain.

This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age and from five countries: Brazil (N = 2,171), Argentina (N = 1,111), Peru (N = 1,174), Mexico (N = 686), and Spain (N = 1,183). Data were collected during the year 2020, between April 01 and June 30 in Spain and between July 13 and September 26, in the other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for the assessment of sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, and dietary habits changes. Most participants (61.6%), mainly those from Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern of food consumption. Among those who changed, a pattern of better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) in comparison with those who changed toward less healthy choices (15.7%). Argentina and Brazil showed the highest proportion of changes toward a healthier pattern of food consumption. Peruvians and Mexicans were less likely to make healthy changes in food consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4-0.6 and OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4-0.8, respectively), when compared to Argentinians. Most respondents did not change their pattern of meal consumption, but those who did reduced their consumption of main meals and increased intake of small meals and snacks. Although most participants affirmed to be doing physical activity at home, about one-half reported perception of weight gain. Individuals with alterations in sleep pattern (either by increasing or decreasing sleep time) were more likely to change their diets to a healthier pattern. In contrast, individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who reported feeling anxious were more likely to perform changes to a less healthy eating pattern (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.2-2.3 and OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1-1.4, respectively). In conclusion, although most participants remained constant in their eating habits, lifestyle changes and anxiety feelings were reported. Among those who changed patterns of food consumption, healthier choices prevailed, with differences between countries. However, there were alterations in the distribution of meals, with higher consumption of snacks and small meals. These results can be used to guide policies to prevent deleterious consequences that may affect the incidence of chronic diseases.

Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure in a Multicultural Child Sample (Angola, Brazil, and Spain).

BACKGROUND: To analyze the relationship between early-life indicators, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness in childhood, in three samples with different bio-cultural characteristics. METHODS: The total sample included 520 schoolchildren 9-10 years of age from Madrid (Spain), Vitória (Brazil), and Luanda (Angola). Height and weight, BP, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) were measured, all by one observer in each site, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Birth weight, gestational age, type of feeding, and age at weaning were extracted from official health cards. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among the samples (P = 0.107 and P = 0.808). Luanda showed the higher cf-PWV (5.7 m/s), followed by Vitória (5.3 m/s) and Madrid (4.9 m/s; P < 0.001). Explanatory factors for the observed variability in SBP, DBP, and cf-PWV, obtained by means of multiple linear regression models, were different in three samples. BMI showed a positive and significant association with SBP, DBP, and cf-PWV in three samples. In the Angolan sample, in addition to BMI, birth weight was maintained in the explanatory models of SBP and cf-PWV adjusted for BP, with a negative and significant coefficient (-0.019 and -0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Higher values of BMI in childhood are related with higher values of cf-PWV, SBP, and DBP in the three samples. Children from Angola showed the highest mean value of cf-PWV, especially those who had lower birth weight, suggesting that worse conditions in fetal life may contribute to increased aortic stiffness in childhood.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Review and Update.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was first described in the 1990s, showing an increasing incidence and prevalence since then, being the leading cause of food impaction and the major cause of dysphagia. Probably, in a few years, EoE may no longer be considered a rare disease. Methods: This article discusses new aspects of the pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of EoE according to the last published guidelines. Results: The epidemiological studies indicate a multifactorial origin for EoE, where environmental and genetic factors take part. EoE affects both children and adults and it is frequently associated with atopic disease and IgE-mediated food allergies. In patients undergoing oral immunotherapy for desensitization from IgE-mediated food allergy the risk of developing EoE is 2.72%. Barrier dysfunction and T-helper 2 inflammation is considered to be pathogenetically important factors. There are different patterns of clinical presentation varying with age and can be masked by adaptation habits. Besides, symptoms do not usually correlate with histologic disease activity. The diagnostic criteria for EoE has evolved but mainly requires symptoms of esophageal dysfunction with histologic evidence of a peak value of at least 15 eosinophils per high-power field. Endoscopies have to be repeated in order to diagnose, monitor, and treat EoE. Treatment of EoE can be started either by drugs (PPIs and topical corticosteroids) or elimination diets. The multistage step-up elimination diet management approach of EoE is promising. Endoscopic dilation is used for patients with severe dysphagia/food impaction with inadequate response to anti-inflammatory treatment. Conclusions: Research in recent years has contributed to a better understanding of EoE's pathogenesis, genetic background, natural history, allergy workup, standardization in assessment of disease activity, evaluation of minimally invasive diagnostic tools, and new therapeutic approaches. However, several unmet needs are to be solved urgently, as finding a non-invasive disease-monitoring methods and biomarkers for routine practice, the development or new therapies, novel food allergy testing to detect triggering foods, drug, and doses required for initial therapy and safety issues with long-term maintenance therapy, amongst others. Besides, multidisciplinary management units of EoE, involving gastroenterologists, pediatricians, allergists, pathologists, dietitians, and ENT specialists are needed.

New records of ectoparasitic Acari (Arachnida) and Streblidae (Diptera) from bats in Jalisco, Mexico.

Ectoparasites of bats in the Neotropics are diverse and play numerous ecological roles as vectors of microbial pathogens and endoparasites and as food sources for other cave fauna living both on their hosts and in bat roosts. The ectoparasites of bats in Jalisco State of western Mexico have not been as well described as those of other states with recent checklists that have focused primarily on the Yucatan Peninsula. We captured bats from 2011-2015 on the south coast and Sierra de Amula, Jalisco using mist nets, and we removed ectoparasites by hand. We identified 24 species of streblid bat flies and six ectoparasitic mites from bats caught in mist nets. There were an additional eight possibly undescribed species of Streblidae. Our collections extend the known range of species into Jalisco.

Gender, health, and initiation of breastfeeding.

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of health, gender, and motherhood with the decisions about breastfeeding. The sample consisted of 265 pregnant women (mean age: 32.34, SD: 4.01 years) who were recruited in healthcare centers and hospitals in southeast Spain between 2010 and 2011. Mental health was measured by the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire and gender by the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory. Women in our sample showed a higher conformity to gender norms than women surveyed in the adaptation of the inventory to the Spanish population (t = 11.25, p < 0.001, effect estimate (Cohen's d) = 0.59). After adjustment for covariates, women who exclusively breastfed did not differ significantly in their conformity to gender norms from those who used partial breastfeeding or bottle feeding. Although good, our expectant mothers had worse mental health than the women aged 15-44 years in the Spanish National Health Survey (t = 2.96, p < 0.001, d = 0.26). Those who partially breastfed had significantly better mental health values. Gender norms were modulators in a model of factors related to initiation of breastfeeding. This study provides information about health and social construction of gender norms.

The GHQ-12 for the assessment of psychological distress of family caregivers.

This study examined the utility of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess the psychological distress of family caregivers. To accomplish this goal, a sample of 172 caregivers, 25 men and 147 women, aged 56.6 (SD = 13.7) completed self-report questionnaires and provided data on demographic factors. Univariate and bivariate models adjust adequately, although the two-factor model (anxiety/depression and social dysfunction) presented a better fit. Relative caregivers scored higher in psychological distress (anxiety and depression levels) on the GHQ-12 than did the normal population. In conclusion, the GHQ-12 is a sensitive instrument to detect the presence of anxiety and depression in relative caregivers, and the external validity of the instrument is generally adequate. The GHQ-12 seems particularly appropriate for research and clinical and health intervention in caregivers. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.

Creatividad y estilos de personalidad: aproximación a un perfil creativo en estudiantes universitarios / Creativity and Personality Styles: An approach to creative profiles in university students

En el presente trabajo se pretende estudiar el comportamiento creativo en los estudiantes universitarios y su relación con los estilos de personalidad. La muestra está formada por 86 universitarios de Logopedia y de Psicología. La media de edad es de 22 años, el 15.1% son varones y el 84.9% mujeres. Para la evaluación de la creatividad se ha utilizado el Test CREA (Corbalán, Martínez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina y Limiñana, 2003), que tiene como finalidad la apreciación de la inteligencia creativa a través de un indicador de generación de cuestiones, desde un contexto teórico de búsqueda y solución de problemas. Para la evaluación de los estilos de personalidad se aplicó el MIPS (Millon, 2001) que ofrece una medida de los estilos de personalidad organizada según tres dimensiones principales: metas motivacionales, modos cognitivos y comportamientos interpersonales. Los resultados muestran perfiles creativos diferenciales según el rendimiento creativo, encontrándose relaciones significativas entre algunas de las variables de personalidad estudiadas y la creatividad, que podrían aportar información relevante sobre el comportamiento creativo en estos estudiantes universitarios (AU)

The goal of this study is to analyse the presence of this diver-gent thinking in university students and its connection to personality styles. Sample is made up of 86 Speech Therapy and Psychology under-graduate students. The average age is 22, out of which 15.1% are male and 84.9% are female. Assessment of creativity has been achieved by using the CREA Test. (Corbalán, Martínez, Donolo, Alonso, Tejerina y Limiñana, 2003). CREA test is intended at appreciating creative intelligence by means of an indicator of question-raising within a theoretical context of problem seeking and solving. Personality styles were evaluated by using MIPS (Millon, 2001), which offers a method to measure personality styles, organized into three main dimensions: motivational goals, cognitive modes and interpersonal behaviours. Results illustrate differential creative profiles according to their creative production, showing significant relations between some of the personality variables studied and creativity. These, in turn, could provide relevant information about creative behaviours in these university students (AU)

EPOC Causada por tabaco: Llegó el momento de empezar a usar una terminología específica / No disponible

No disponible

Aclaramiento viral en la hepatitis por el virus B, cepa salvaje, tras el tratamiento con interferón alfa-2a pegilado / No disponible

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Ansiedad, autoestima y satisfacción autopercibida como predictores de la salud: diferencias entre hombre y mujeres / Anxiety, self-esteem and self-perceived satisfaction as predictors of health: differences between men and women

El objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar si existen diferencias en la salud física autopercibida entre mujeres y hombres cuando tenemos en cuenta la situación laboral. Se analizan tres variables psicológicas (autoestima, ansiedad y satisfacción) e índices de salud física para diferentes situaciones laborales. La muestra está compuesta por 500 sujetos de entre 25 a 65 años recogida al azar y representativa de la población española. Se han utilizado tres instrumentos para medir las variables psicológicas y cuatro índices para medir la salud física, tres de ellos objetivos (número de visitas al médico, etc.) y uno de ellos para medir la salud autopercibida. Los resultados indican que aunque, cuando se analiza el grupo en general, las mujeres tienen peor salud que los varones, estas diferencias se modifican cuando tenemos en cuenta la condición de trabajo de los participantes, e, incluso, llegan a desaparecer. Las variables psicológicas predicen más la salud física de las mujeres que la de los varones, lo que parece indicar que la salud física de las mujeres está íntimamente relacionada con la salud psicológica

The main objective of this research is to analyze whether there are differences in physical health between men and women when considering their working situation. Three psychological variables are analyzed (anxiety, self-esteem and satisfaction) as well as several indicators of physical health for different working situations. The results seem to indicate that although women have worse health than men (when the group is analyzed in general), these differences vary when we take into account the working condition of the participants, and the differences even disappear. The psychological variables used in this survey only explain the variance of the subjective indicators of physical health, most of all, the Physiological Anxiety, which is responsible for the highest rate of the explained variance. The psychological variables predict women’s physical health more than men’s, what seems to indicate that women’s physical health is closely related to psychological health

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Preferencias y la Escala Compuesta de Matutinidad / Psychometric properties of Morningness Composite and Preferences Scales

La matutinidad-vespertinidad, o la preferencia por realizar actividades de mañana o tarde, es una dimensión de diferenciación psicológica basada en los ritmos circadianos. Para la evaluación de la tipología circadiana se han creado y adaptado a diferentes poblaciones varias escalas o inventarios. En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de dos escalas de evaluación de lamatutinidad-vespertinidad. La Escala Compuesta de Matutinidad y la Escala de Preferencias son estudiadas en un grupo de 203 universitarios con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y 30 años. Se aportan los resultados preliminares sobre la consistencia interna y la estructura factorial de cada una de las escalas (AU)

Morningness, or the preferences by morning or evening activities is an individual difference in circadian rhythms. Several selfevaluation instruments have been developed for identifying the individual circadian typology. Aim of the present work is analyze the psychometric properties of two scales of morningness. The Morningness Composite and the Early/Late Preferences Scales are studied in a group of 203 undergraduates between 19 and 30 years old. Results reveals a satisfactory level of reliability and the one-dimensionality of morningness is discussed (AU)

[Systematic review about the usefulness and prognostic value of the p53 oncoprotein and proliferation marker Ki-67 for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma]. / Revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad y el valor pronóstico de la oncoproteína p53 y el marcador de proliferación Ki-67 en el car- cinoma de células transicionales del tracto urinario superior.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review on the expression and prognostic value of the p 53 oncoprotein and Ki 67 proliferation marker in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. METHODS: A systematic review of cohort, prospective and retrospective studies from 1/1/1990 to 11/24/2003 has been undertaken, performing a bibliographic search both manual and electronic in the main databases. 632 works were found using the keywords "ureter, renal and pelvis tumor", and 14 with "ureter, renal and pelvis tumor, and immunohistochemical". RESULTS: 509 patients were studied; they were selected from 7 retrospective studies about the usefulness of p53 and Ki 67 in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract published between 1995 and 2002 (three Spanish studies, three Japanese and one North American). Each one analyzes between 37 and 121 cases, with a mean age of 66.8 years (range 63.0-74.7) and a predominance of male sex in 100% of the studies. The pyelocalyceal site was the most frequent in these series. Treatment is another issue taken into consideration in this papers, being nephroureterectomy the most frequently found. The p53 and Ki 67 percentage expression in various studies has been related to clinical and histological factors. Only 5 studies performed a multivariate analysis using Cox regression models. Three of them deal with Ki 67 and two with p53, although one of the p53 studies associates cyclin E determinations. Only two out of three studies about Ki 67 were considered evaluable, because multivariate analysis was not performed in the other one. CONCLUSIONS: 1) There are a few studies and they are very heterogeneous in terms of design, selection criteria, follow-up, and use of prognostic variables. 2) The analyzed studies establish that oncoprotein p53 and proliferation marker Ki 67 are prognostic factors for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, and 3) To perform a meta-analysis was deemed not indicated because of the heterogeneicity of the studies found in our search.

Relaciones entre estilos de personalidad y satisfacción autopercibida en diferentes áreas vitales / Relationships between personality styles and life domains satisfaction

En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones entre los estilos de personalidad y la satisfacción en diferentes áreas vitales en un grupo de 215 estudiantes universitarios. Se interpretan dos perfiles de personalidad y se estudian las relaciones entre la satisfacción en diferentes áreas vitales para cada uno de los perfiles desde una perspectiva constructivista. Se ha utilizado el Inventario Millon de Estilos de Personalidad (Millon, 1994) y una escala de satisfacción por áreas vitales (estudios, familia, tiempo libre, amigos, compañeros de clase, salud física, salud psicológica, nivel de vida y vida emocional). Los resultados indican que las características de personalidad modulan las relaciones en la satisfacción de diferentes áreas vitales, siendo significativo el número y tipo de áreas relacionadas, lo que indica que la representación de la satisfacción es diferente según las características personales. (AU)

This study examines the relationship between personality styles and life domains satisfaction across the evaluation of 215 university students. Two personality profiles are interpreted. The relationship between satisfaction in life domains satisfaction for each one of the profiles are studied from a constructivist approach. In this way, we have used the Millon Inventory Personality Styles Inventory (Millon, 1994) and one scale of satisfaction in life domains (study, family, spare time, friends, classmates, physical health, psychological health, standard of living and emotional life). The results show that the personality profiles modulate relationship s of the life domains satisfaction, being significant the number and type of related domains. This result indicate that the representation the satisfaction is different according to the personal characters (AU)

Relevancia de los estilos de personalidad y las metas personales en la predicción de la satisfacción vital / Relevance of personality styles and personal goals in the prediction of life satisfaction

En este artículo se examina el papel de los estilos de personalidad y las metas personales en la predicción de la satisfacción vital. Actualmente se considera que la personalidad es un complejo sistema que puede analizarse desde diferentes niveles y unidades de análisis. Los estilos de personalidad constituyen las unidades más estables, mientras que las metas son consideradas como unidades mediadoras que representarían la parte más dinámica de la personalidad. Distintos autores contemplan la relación entre estas unidades como un acercamiento al estudio de la coherencia de la personalidad. El estudio de las variables relacionadas con el bienestar permite analizar la relación entre diferentes unidades de análisis (estilos y metas), tal y como se contempla en el modelo ecológico-social de Little (1999). En este trabajo de investigación han participado 120 mujeres universitarias argentinas. Se ha utilizado el Inventario Millon de Estilos de Personalidad (MIPS), la evaluación de distintas dimensiones de las Metas Personales, así como la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Los resultados indican que la consideración de las unidades mediadoras (metas personales) y las disposiciones (estilos de personalidad) permiten predecir un alto porcentaje de la varianza de la satisfacción. La percepción de apoyo familiar para realizar las metas personales y la orientación al placer muestran una estrecha relación con la satisfacción vital. (AU)