Modelo de competencias del profesor de medicina / Competencies model of medical teacher

Objetivo. Generar el modelo de competencias del profesor para ejercer la docencia de alto nivel en Medicina. Materiales y métodos. Para generar el modelo se analízala bibliografía, el propósito del plan de estudio por competencias y se utilizó el método Developing a Curriculum (DACUM), con la participación de 35 expertos que integraron mediante consenso el trabajo que debe realizar un docente de medicina para cumplir con éxito el propósito del plan de estudio. Resultados. Se identificaron las funciones básicas de los profesores de medicina, así como las actividades para su cumplimiento. Se conformó el modelo con seis competencias: disciplinaria, de investigación, psicopedagógica, de comunicación, académico-administrativa y humanística. Conclusiones. El modelo pretende guiar las acciones de los profesores que actualmente participan en el programa y aquellos que aspiran a formar parte del proceso educativo; elaborar programas para la formación de profesores que favorezcan el desarrollo de competencias académicas; identificar elementos que se deben considerar para la evaluación del desempeño docente; orientar el diseño de indicadores útiles para otorgar reconocimientos y estímulos a los profesores cuyo desempeño académico sea excepcional; orientar al estudiante, en la relación profesor-alumno, sobre las funciones y actividades que puede esperar del profesor (AU)

Aim. To create a competency model for the medical professor in order to exert teaching at its highest level. Materials and methods. To create such model, we analyzed current literature on teaching, the aim of the curricula for competencies and we used the DACUM method whose letters stand for Developing a Curriculum. 35 experts who participated in this project reached a consensus regarding the duties that have to be carried out by a medical professor in order to successfully fulfill the aim of the curricula. Results. We identified the basic functions of medical professors as well as the related duties for its fulfillment. The model comprises six competencies: disciplinary, research, psico-pedagogy, communicative, academic-administrative and humanistic competencies. Conclusion. This model pretends to guide the actions of medical professors who are currently participating in this program and those who want to become part of the education process. It also pretends to create programs favoring the professors´ training benefiting the development of academic competencies; to identify the elements to be considered for the assessment of the professors´ development; to guide the design of useful indicators to grant awards and incentives to those professors whose academic development be exceptional; to guide the student within the professor-student relationship, on the duties and activities that they can expect from the professor (AU)

Captopril effect on non-diabetic glomerular albuminuria.

In order to evaluate captopril effectiveness in the treatment of glomerular albuminuria in nondiabetic patients, an initial study was carried out in 16 patients with proteinuria greater than 1 gr/1, administering captopril, 50 mg/day during a 4 month follow-up period. During that time, urinary albumin levels significantly descended (p < 0.001), with a concomitant rise in serum albumin. We conclude that captopril can be effective as a part of the treatment of albuminuria associated with nephropathy of non diabetic origin.

[The platelet response as a prognostic factor in invasive amebiasis of the liver]. / La respuesta plaquetaria como factor pronóstico en la amibiasis invasora del hígado.

A group of 96 patients with Invasive Hepatic Amebiasis, was studied in a prospective clinical trial. The platelet count was measured for each patient on admission and on the tenth day of treatment. The patient were classified into two groups: the first one for patients with unfavorable results and the second one for patients with favorable results. The presence of thrombocytosis was significant in the second group, with a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 70% in the initial determination, and of 82% and 68% at the tenth day respectively. With this finding, it could be considered that thrombocytosis must be a good prognostic indicators in the Amebic Liver Abscess, and it could be possible to include it in a scale to elucidate the prognosis in a quantitative form, of this pathologic entity.

Effects of lithium carbonate on leucocytes of hepatic cirrhosis patients.

So as to assess the effects of lithium carbonate on peripheral leucocyte levels of hepatic cirrhosis patients, 10 cirrhotic patients were studied with less than 4,500 leukocytes per cubic ml and without contraindications for lithium salts that were administered for three weeks at a dose of 90 mg daily. At the end of each week total peripheral leukocytes, differential formula, platelet count and serum lithium concentration determinations were made. In the basal stage, total leukocyte average was 3,400 +/- 527 (X +/- DE) and granulocyte average was 2,090 +/- 341. After the first week of lithium treatment a significant increase was observed in total leukocyte and granulocyte levels whose averages at the end of the third week of treatment were 4,800 +/- 1,052 (p less than 0.01) and 3,694 +/- 1,003 (p less than 0.001) respectively. There was no correlation between the magnitude of leukocyte increase and serum lithium levels obtained that ranged from 0.28 and 1.32 mEq/l. Three patients showed transient gross tremor and two suffered hepatic coma. We can conclude that lithium carbonate increases peripheral leucocytes at the expense of neutrophilia in patients with secondary granulocytopenia and hypersplenism resulting in liver cirrhosis.

[Early liver damage caused by alcohol]. / Lesiones hepáticas tempranas por alcohol.

Liver biopsy was taken from 20 patients with chronic and acute alcoholism. The patients had been hospitalized for diverse reasons, had no clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis nor cirrhosis, but did have abnormal liver function tests. The most common abnormal test results were low serum albumin, polyclonal gamma-globulin elevation, and S G O T and Alk P rise. In all patients one or more types of hepatic lesiones were found: steatosis (15), polynuclear and mononuclear infiltrates (15), and portal (7), interstitial (13), or centriobular (8) fibrosis. Two patients had cirrhosis. None had hepatic cell necrosis. These findings justify a motivated search for liver damage in patients with alcoholism who have slight alterations in liver function tests, even in the absence of clinical manifestations of liver disease.

[Rotor's syndrome. Report of a case]. / Síndrome de Rotor. Informe de un caso.

Rotor's syndrome is a rare entity in our Country. We report here a case of this anomaly in a seventeen years old girl with jaundice from birth, normal biliary channels, elevated urinary coproporphyrins and retarded excretion of bromosulphalein with normal histology of the liver. The familiar study showed that the mother, but not the brothers, had a similar defect in excretion of bromosulphalein.

Use of the excreted fraction of the filtered sodium (Fe Na) in the early diagnosis of acute renal failure.

A prospective study was made in 20 patients in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, 20 patients with prerenal uremia (functional renal failure); 20 patients hospitalized due to different diseases but without renal problems and 20 healthy individuals. In all patients osmolar clearance, free water clearance, urinary sodium and excreted fraction of sodium tests were made. These four parameters could differentiate acute renal failure from prerenal uremia. However differences in urinary sodium concentrations in patients with prerenal uremia was found to be in the borderline for statistical significance and osmolar and free water clearance determinations require strict measurements of urinary volume in a time unit. Excreted sodium fraction requires only simultaneous blood and urine samples for sodium and creatinine quantification.