Lactate Concentration Is Related to Skin Temperature Variation After a Specific Incremental Judo Test.

ABSTRACT: Gomes Moreira, D, José Brito, C, de Almeida Ferreira, JJ, Bouzas Marins, JC, López Díaz de Durana, A, Couceiro Canalejo, J, Butragueño Revenga, J, and Sillero-Quintana, M. Lactate concentration is related to skin temperature variation after a specific incremental judo test. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2213-2221, 2021-This study aimed to analyze the skin temperature (tsk) response in judokas after a specific incremental test and to determine whether anthropometric and physiological measures can be explained by the variation in mean tsk. A total of 23 male judo athletes (age: 20.1 ± 4.7 years; height: 173.1 ± 8.1 cm; and body mass: 71.7 ± 8.1 kg) performed a specific incremental judo test. Skin temperature evaluations were collected in 26 regions of interest (ROIs), and the mean tsk was calculated using an equation including 10 of them. The time points before the test (pre-test), immediately after (0 minutes), and after 5, 10, and 15 minutes of the test were established to measure the tsk, mean tsk, auricular temperature (tau), and blood lactate (LAC). The athletes completed a mean of 7.0 ± 1.0 stages of the test, 95% confidence interval (CI; 6.2-7.1). The V̇o2peak achieved was 48.7 ± 5.3 ml·kg-1·min-1, 95% CI (46.4-51.0). Compared with pre-test values, only the forehead significantly decreased 5 minutes after the test (p < 0.05). The posterior right arm and posterior left arm remained increased 10 minutes after the test (p < 0.05). After 15 minutes, 19 of the 26 ROIs analyzed were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Among all tested models of linear regression, only 2 were significant, the difference of tsk 5 minutes compared with pre-test (F1, 21 = 16.49, p = 0.001) and the difference of tsk 10 minutes compared with pre-test, to predict LAC concentration at the end of the test (F1, 21 = 9.30, p = 0.006). We concluded that 5 minutes after the test, the judokas present a higher tau and a higher tsk in 7 ROIs, and the tsk decreases 15 minutes after the test in 19 of the considered ROIs. The variation of mean tsk 5 and 10 minutes after the test compared with pre-test values is associated with blood LAC at the end of the test.

Differences in the Bodyweight, Hydration Levels, Lean Mass, and Fat Mass in Spanish Junior Elite Judokas.

Combat sports have a great interest in society and among professional sports. They are an important group of sports in the Olympic Games, but the strategies carried out by athletes to reduce body weight for weighing day, is famously known, suffering the adverse physical and psychological effects of rapid weight loss. This could compromise not only the performance, but the health and development of young athletes. A total of 22 elite male judokas (18.05 ± 1.05 years old) were evaluated during four different competitions in one season; the variables of body weight, water levels, and lean and fat mass were measured by bioimpedance (BIA), (Tanita BC545N) during one season. Using the linear mixed model test, we found significant differences in bodyweight variable during the competitions 3-4. The water level variable showed significant differences in all competitions, except for 2-4. Body mass index was significantly different in all competitions, being higher in the later competitions, except between competitions 1-2 and 2-3. Judokas participate in weight loss methods for their weigh-in days. Furthermore, the age at which the athletes reduced their water levels are worrisome. These results could be used to create healthy programs, especially in elite judokas, in order to carry out strategies before, during, and after competitions with weight loss and controlled water levels increasing future performance and health.

Intermittent Cooling During Judo Training in a Warm/Humid Environment Reduces Autonomic and Hormonal Impact.

Carballeira, E, Morales, J, Fukuda, DH, Granada, ML, Carratalá-Deval, V, López Díaz de Durana, A, and Stout, JR. Intermittent cooling during Judo training in a warm/humid environment reduces autonomic and hormonal impact. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2241-2250, 2019-The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of superficial cooling on physiological responses while training in a warm, humid environment during an international Judo training camp. Sixteen judokas (8 women and 8 men) participated in the experiment. Four high-level women and 4 men were randomly assigned to wear a cooling vest (vest group [VG]) during the recovery periods within a training session (i.e., 8 bouts of 5-minute fighting with 5-minute rest) and up to 10 minutes after the session, whereas the remaining athletes in the control group (CG) trained without the use of any cooling aids. No differences between groups were reported in well-being before the session or in perceived fatigue after the session. The temperature was increased after the training session (p = 0.02) without significant differences between groups; however, CG demonstrated a moderate effect size (ES = 0.95, 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09-1.82; probability of superiority [PS] = 74.9%) in contrast to the small effect for VG (ES = 0.28, 90% CI = -0.55 to 1.11; PS = 57.9%). There were time × group interactions for heart rate variability (lnRMSSD) (p = 0.006; VG vs. CG, PS = 79.0%) and the dehydroepiandrosterone-cortisol ratio (DHEA/C ratio) (p = 0.04; VG vs. CG, PS = 99.9%). Vest group preserved the cardiac autonomic control (p > = 0.05; ES = -0.06, 90% CI = -0.88 to 0.76; PS = 51.7%) compared with the large decrement of CG (p < 0.05; ES = -1.18, 90% CI = -2.07 to -0.29; PS = 74.9%). Furthermore, VG showed an increase of DHEA/C (p = 0.002) from presession to postsession based on a moderate decrease of cortisol (p > = 0.05; ES = -0.67, 90% CI = -1.52 to 0.17; PS = 68.2%) with a concomitant small increase of DHEA (p > = 0.05; ES = 0.46, 90% CI = -0.38 to 1.29; PS = 62.7%). Conversely, the CG showed a moderate effect for increased DHEA and a small effect for increased cortisol after training. No significant interactions or main effects were shown for isometric handgrip values. Cooling vests diminished the cardiovascular strain and hormonal impact of the Judo training session in high-level athletes and may be considered for recovery purposes during exercise in warm/humid environments.