Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 1,331 patients with COVID-19: HM Spanish Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Spain is one of the European countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiologic studies are warranted to improve the disease understanding, evaluate the care procedure and prepare for futures waves. The aim of the study was to describe epidemiologic characteristics associated with hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This real-world, observational, multicenter and retrospective study screened all consecutive patients admitted to 8 Spanish private hospitals. Inclusion criteria: hospitalized adults (age≥18 years old) with clinically and radiologically findings compatible with COVID-19 disease from March 1st to April 5th, 2020. Exclusion criteria: patients presenting negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 7 days from hospital admission, transfer to a hospital not belonging to the HM consortium, lack of data and discharge against medical advice in emergency departments. RESULTS: One thousand and three hundred thirty-one COVID-19 patients (medium age 66.9 years old; males n= 841, medium length of hospital stayed 8 days, non-survivors n=233) were analyzed. One hundred and fifteen were admitted to intensive care unit (medium length of stay 16 days, invasive mechanical ventilation n= 95, septic shock n= 37 and renal replacement therapy n= 17). Age, male gender, leukocytes, platelets, oxygen saturation, chronic therapy with steroids and treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin were independent factors associated with mortality. The proportion of patients that survive and received tocilizumab and steroids were lesser and higher respectively than those that die, but their association was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall crude mortality rate was 17.5%, rising up to 36.5% in the subgroup of patients that were admitted to the intensive care unit. Seven factors impact in hospital mortality. No immunomodulatory intervention were associated with in-hospital mortality.

Randomized controlled trial of early skin-to-skin contact: effects on the mother and the newborn.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the influence of skin-to-skin care on the thermal regulation of the infant and the rate of breastfeeding at different points of time. We also aim to establish whether skin-to-skin contact reduces maternal pain during episiotomy repair and decreases the time to expel the placenta. METHODS: A randomized control study was performed with 137 patients in each branch of the study. Differences between the study groups were analysed with the unpaired t-test, Fisher test or chi-square test as appropriate. RESULTS: Greater thermal stability in the skin-to-skin care group was found where an average temperature rise of 0.07°C was observed. Mothers in the skin-to-skin care group exclusively breastfed more frequently at discharge. Mean time to expel the placenta was lesser in the skin-to-skin care group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that skin-to-skin care implies better thermal regulation and a better proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge.

[Evaluation of pain in a neonatal intensive care unit during endocrine-metabolic tests]. / Valoración del dolor en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales durante la extracción de las pruebas endocrinometabólicas.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the pain suffered during the endocrine metabolic test can be lowered by adding skin to skin care to the use of sucrose. To establish factors that may modify the feeling of pain and evaluate the parents opinion during the extraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Controlled clinical trial. Two groups: group 1 (n= 27), skin to skin and sucrose, and group 2 (n=27), sucrose. The pain was measured with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) during the endocrine metabolic test. Patients on mechanical ventilation, with HIV III or IV and those who had been given sedative analgesics in the previous 24 hours were excluded. RESULTS: The average gestational age in group 1 was 35.1 +/- 3.5 weeks and 35.4 +/- 3.2 weeks for group 2. The NIPS in group 1 was 2.51 +/- 1.42 and 2.81 +/- 2.11 (NS) in group 2. On only one occasion was severe pain noticed (group 2). There was a tendency towards a higher NIPS with a higher gestational age (r=0.19) and a lower number of previous capillary (r= -0.06) and venous (r= -0.11) extractions. Group 1 parents thought that this practice contributed to decreasing their children's irritability and increased their trust in the care team. CONCLUSION: By adding skin to skin care to the sucrose during the endocrine metabolic test does not relieve the pain feeling. Parents in the skin to skin group thought that this practice contributed to decreasing their children's irritability and increased their trust in the care team.

Valoración del dolor en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales durante la extracción de las pruebas endocrinometabólicas / Evaluation of pain in a neonatal intensive care unit during endocrine-metabolic tests

Objetivos: Determinar si el dolor ocasionado durante la realización de las pruebas endocrinometabólicas puede disminuirse realizando cuidado piel con piel, además de con el uso de sacarosa. Establecer factores que puedan modificar la sensación dolorosa y valorar la opinión de los padres durante la extracción. Pacientes y métodos: Se trata de un ensayo clínico controlado, con dos grupos: grupo 1 (n=27): con cuidado piel con piel y sacarosa, y grupo 2 (n=27): con sacarosa. Se valoró el dolor mediante la escala Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) durante la extracción. Se excluyeron los pacientes con ventilación mecánica, con hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) de grados III o IV, o que hubieran recibido analgésicos-sedantes en las 24 h previas. Resultados: La edad gestacional media en el grupo 1 fue 35,1 ± 3,5 semanas y en el grupo 2 de 35,4 ± 3,2 semanas. El NIPS en el grupo 1 fue 2,51 ± 1,42 y en el grupo 2, 2,81 ± 2,11 (NS). En una ocasión se apreció dolor intenso (grupo 2). Se observó una tendencia a obtener un mayor valor del NIPS a mayor edad gestacional (r=0,19) y a menor número de extracciones capilares (r= -0,06) y venosas previas (r =-0,11). Los padres de los niños del grupo 1 refirieron que creían contribuir a una menor irritabilidad de sus hijos y que aumentaba su confianza con el personal asistencial. Conclusión: Añadir el contacto piel con piel a la administración de sacarosa durante la extracción de las pruebas endocrinometabólicas no disminuye la sensación dolorosa medida mediante la puntuación NIPS. Los padres que realizaron el contacto piel con piel valoraron de forma muy positiva su implicación en el procedimiento, creyendo contribuir a una menor irritabilidad de sus hijos, además de tener una sensación de mayor confianza respecto al personal asistencial (AU)

Objectives: To determine whether the pain suffered during the endocrine metabolic test can be lowered by adding skin to skin care to the use of sucrose. To establish factors that may modify the feeling of pain and evaluate the parents opinion during the extraction. Patients and methods: Controlled clinical trial. Two groups: group 1 (n= 27), skin to skin and sucrose, and group 2 (n=27), sucrose. The pain was measured with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) during the endocrine metabolic test. Patients on mechanical ventilation, with HIV III or IV and those who had been given sedative analgesics in the previous 24 hours were excluded. Results: The average gestational age in group 1 was 35.1 ± 3.5 weeks and 35.4 ± 3.2 weeks for group 2. The NIPS in group 1 was 2.51 ± 1.42 and 2.81 ± 2.11 (NS) in group 2. On only one occasion was severe pain noticed (group 2). There was a tendency towards a higher NIPS with a higher gestational age (r=0.19) and a lower number of previous capillary (r= -0.06) and venous (r= -0.11) extractions. Group 1 parents thought that this practice contributed to decreasing their children's irritability and increased their trust in the care team. Conclusion: By adding skin to skin care to the sucrose during the endocrine metabolic test does not relieve the pain feeling. Parents in the skin to skin group thought that this practice contributed to decreasing their children's irritability and increased their trust in the care team (AU)

Fiebre de origen desconocido por "Yersinia" enterocolítica / Fever of unknown origin caused by Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersiniaenterocolítica es, habitualmente, causante de enfermedad gastrointestinal. El síntoma más frecuente en los lactantes es la diarrea acompañada de fiebre, y puede ocasionar bacteriemia en los menores de tres meses. En niños mayores y adultos jóvenes ocasiona un cuadro de adenopatías mesentéricas con sintomatología seudoapendicular. En muy raras ocasiones, se ha descrito como causa de cuadros de fiebre de origen desconocido. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 14 años, previamente sano, con un síndrome febril de origen desconocido, de tres semanas de evolución, causado por Yersinia enterocolítica, sin datos que hubieran hecho sospechar su etiología. Tras los resultados de las pruebas complementarias, se consideró, inicialmente, la posibilidad de que se tratase de una artritis idiopática juvenil de inicio sistémico. Finalmente, el diagnóstico de infección por Yersinia enterocolítica se estableció tras el resultado de la serología. Evolucionó de forma favorable, sin tratamiento antibiótico. El interés de este caso radica en recordar a este patógeno como causante de fiebre de origen desconocido en niños yadolescentes, y en el alto índice de sospecha que requiere su diagnóstico cuando la única sintomatología es la fiebre

Yersinia enteroeolitica is a common cause of gastroenteritis. In infants, the most common symptoms are diarrhea, accompanied by fever and abdominal pain.. Bacteremia can also occur, especially in infants less than 3 months of age. In older children and young adults, it is associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis and pseudoappendicitis. It has very rarely been reported to be the cause of fever of unknown origin. We describe the case of a previously healthy 14-year-old boy with a 3-week history of fever, accompanied for only the first two days by abdominal pain, in the absence of any other symptoms. Initial evaluation revealed no pathogens and the abdominal ultrasound was normal. The diagnosis was finally established on the basis of the serology, which was positive for Yersinia enteroeolitiea. A satisfactory outcome was achieved without antibiotic therapy. This is an unusual manifestation of infection by Yersinia enteroeolitica. This pathogen should be considered in cases of fever of unknown origin in children and infants

Analgesia y asepsia en el examen oftalmológico del recién nacido prematuro / Analgesia and asepsis in ophthalmological examination of premature neonates

No disponible

Fístula traqueoesofágica secundaria a cuerpo extraño / Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to foreing body

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 4 años con una fístula traqueoesofágica adquirida, una entidad rara en la edad pediátrica. Se comenta el tratamiento de dicha entidad y se efectúa una revisión de la bibliografía (AU)

Coma en un lactante por intoxicación con "cannabis" / Coma in an infant due tu "cannabis" poisoning

La intoxicación por cannabis en niños es rara. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de 12 meses de edad que fue llevado al servicio de Urgencias en estado de coma. Finalmente, se demostró que la causa del coma era una intoxicación por cannabis. Se revisan aquí las intoxicaciones comunicadas en la bibliografía médica, así como el manejo de dicha entidad (AU)