ABSTRACT
Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Carbon Sequestration , Rainforest , Atmosphere/chemistry , Biomass , Brazil , Carbon/analysis , Carbon/metabolism , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Plant Stems/metabolism , Trees/growth & development , Trees/metabolism , Tropical Climate , Wood/analysisABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking Prevention , Smoking Prevention , 35176 , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods , Costs and Cost Analysis/standards , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Quality of Life , Public Health/methods , Nicotine/adverse effects , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Objetivos: Analizar los resultados de eficacia y seguridad de la combinación de chicles de nicotina y vareniclina en un grupo de sujetos que acudieron a una unidad de tabaquismo. Pacientes y métodos: Se trataron 93 fumadores, de ellos 52 eran hombres, con una edad media de 47,6 ± 10,2 años. La puntuación media en el test de Fagerström fue 7,8 ± 2,1. El programa de tratamiento consistió en una combinación de tratamiento farmacológico y tratamiento conductual. El tratamiento conductual se desarrolló en 11 sesiones individuales: una visita inicial y diez de seguimiento. El tratamiento farmacológico consistió en vareniclina y chicles de nicotina. Resultados: Las tasas de abstinencia continua, validadas mediante cooximetria, entre la 9-12 semanas, 9-24 semanas y 9-52 semanas, fueron: 61% (95% IC 50%- 71%), 54% (95% IC 45%-64%) y 49% (95% IC 38%- 58%), respectivamente. Insomnio, nauseas y sueños anormales fueron los efectos adversos más frecuentes. No se detectó un incremento en el número y tipo de efectos adversos. Conclusiones: La combinación de TSN y vareniclina en un grupo de fumadores con alto grado de dependencia que acuden a una unidad de tabaquismo se mostró efi caz y segura para ayudarlos a dejar de fumar (AU)
Objective: To analyse effi cacy and safety of combination therapy ( Nicotine gum plus varenicline) i a group of smokers who attend a smoking cessation service. Patients and methods: 93 smokers were treated. 52 were males. Mean age 47,6 ± 10,2 years. Mean FTND score 7,8 ± 2,1. The programme consisted of combination of pharmacological treatment and cognitivebehavioural treatment (CBT). The CBT was developed in 11 individuals sessions: 1 basal visit and 10 follow up visits. The pharmacological treatment consisted in a combination of nicotine gum plus varenicline. Results: CO validated continuous abstinence rates between 9-12 weeks, 9-24 weeks and 9.52 weeks were: 61% (95% IC 50%-71%), 54% (95% IC 45%-64%) y 49% (95% IC 38%-58%), respectively. Insomnia, nausea y abnormal dreams were the more common adverse events. No increase in the number and intensive of adverse events were detected. Conclusions: Combination of nicotine gum and varenicline in a group of dependent smokers who attended a smoking cessation service was effective and safe (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nicotine/therapeutic use , Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Smoking/drug therapy , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , Nicotine , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de epidermodisplasia verruciforme de Lewandowsky y Lutz en un paciente de 45 años. La evolución de las lesiones de piel se complicó con la aparición de un epitelioma espinocelular de dorso de nariz y múltiples melanoacantomas en frente. La asociación de epidermodisplasia verruciforme y melanocantoma no se halló referida previamente en la literatura. Los melanoacantomas fueron tratados con aplicaciones locales de ungüento de fluoruracilo al 5 por ciento
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Warts/complicationsABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de epidermodisplasia verruciforme de Lewandowsky y Lutz en un paciente de 45 años. La evolución de las lesiones de piel se complicó con la aparición de un epitelioma espinocelular de dorso de nariz y múltiples melanoacantomas en frente. La asociación de epidermodisplasia verruciforme y melanocantoma no se halló referida previamente en la literatura. Los melanoacantomas fueron tratados con aplicaciones locales de ung³ento de fluoruracilo al 5 por ciento (AU)
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Warts/complicationsABSTRACT
Preceded by a brief commentary about the clinical characteristics of actinic prurigo, the qualities of anantifibrinolytic medication and its possible machanism of action in allergic conditions and atopias are analysed. An earlier experience with five familiar cases of actinic prurigo given 1 g of tranexamic acid or 3 g E. ACA, within a period of three months has been effective remarkally exceeding the results obtained with other therapeutic agents. The proposed therapeutic scheme may or may not be, modified, according to the response to the response of each individual case.
Subject(s)
Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Facial Dermatoses/etiology , Prurigo/drug therapy , Sunlight , Adolescent , Adult , Aminocaproic Acid/therapeutic use , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics , Drug Evaluation , Drug Therapy, Combination , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Facial Dermatoses/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Prurigo/etiology , Prurigo/genetics , Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
We present a 66 years old patient with bullous pemphigoid which appeared two years before a lymphoblastic lymphoma. According to the bibliography, there appear to be a causal relationship between lymphoma and pemphigoid.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/ultrastructure , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/etiology , Aged , Humans , Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Male , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathologyABSTRACT
A patient with palatal hemangioma was subjected to study and the general characteristics of buccal hemangioma are analyzed. Their infrequent occurrence being remarkable. Maxillar angiomas have a reserved prognosis not only because of their histologic malignancy but also because of the threat of incoercible hemorrhage with the removal of dentures. Therefore radical surgical intervention or eventual radiotherapy is indicated.
