Medical costs of cancer attributable to work in the Basque Country (Spain) in 2008

Objetives: Underreporting of work-related cancer in the Basque Country (Spain) is massive. The aim of our study is to estimate the job-related cancer in the Basque Country in 2008 treated by the Basque Public Health System-Osakidetza, as well as the medical costs derived from its treatment in the same year. Methods: Scientific evidence from industrialised countries is used to estimate the number of processes of cancer attributable to work. Medical costs for specialised care (outpatient and hospital admissions) are derived from the National Health System cost accounts. Costs due to primary health care and pharmaceutical benefits are obtained from Spanish secondary sources. Figures were computed according to disease and sex. Results: We estimate 1,331 work-attributable cancers hospitalizations and 229 work-attributable cancers specialized ambulatory cases. Medical costs borne by public health care system exceed 10 million euros. Specialized care accounts for 64.2% of the total cost. Bronchus and lung cancer represents the largest percentage of total expenditure (27%), followed by the bladder cancer (12.6%), mesothelioma (8.6%), the colon cancer (7.3%), and stomach (6.7%). Conclusions: The magnitude of cancer attributable to work in the Basque Country is much higher than reflected in the official Registry of Occupational Diseases. Underreporting of work-related cancers hampers prevention and shifts funding of medical costs from social security to the tax-financed public health system (AU)

Objetivo: La falta de reconocimiento del cáncer como enfermedad profesional en el País Vasco es enorme. Nuestro objetivo es estimar el número de procesos atendidos por cáncer atribuibles al trabajo en el País Vasco en 2008, así como los gastos médicos derivados de su atención en el Servicio Público Vasco de Salud-Osakidetza ese mismo año. Métodos: El número de procesos se estimó aplicando las fracciones atribuibles al trabajo obtenidas en la literatura científica. Para el cálculo de los costes se utilizaron datos primarios de contabilidad analítica del Sistema Nacional de Salud relativos a la atención especializada (ambulatoria e ingresos hospitalarios), y fuentes secundarias españolas para calcular el coste de la atención primaria de salud y la atención farmacéutica. Los cálculos se realizaron por enfermedad y sexo. Resultados: En Osakidetza, en 2008, hubo 1331 hospitalizaciones y 229 consultas a atención ambulatoria especializada debidas a cánceres atribuibles al trabajo. El tratamiento de estos procesos supuso más de 10 millones de euros, de los cuales el 64,2% corresponden a la atención especializada. Por tipo de cáncer, el de bronquio y pulmón, fundamentalmente en hombres, es el que implica mayor gasto sanitario (27%), seguido del de vejiga (12,6%), el mesotelioma (8,6%), el de colon (7,3%) y el de estómago (6,7%). Conclusiones: La magnitud del cáncer derivado del trabajo en el País Vasco es muy superior a la que refleja el registro de enfermedades profesionales, lo que obstaculiza su prevención y desplaza el correspondiente gasto sanitario del sistema de seguridad social al sistema público de salud (AU)

Medical costs of cancer attributable to work in the Basque Country (Spain) in 2008.

OBJECTIVES: [corrected] Underreporting of work-related cancer in the Basque Country (Spain) is massive. The aim of our study is to estimate the job-related cancer in the Basque Country in 2008 treated by the Basque Public Health System-Osakidetza, as well as the medical costs derived from its treatment in the same year. METHODS: Scientific evidence from industrialised countries is used to estimate the number of processes of cancer attributable to work. Medical costs for specialised care (outpatient and hospital admissions) are derived from the National Health System cost accounts. Costs due to primary health care and pharmaceutical benefits are obtained from Spanish secondary sources. Figures were computed according to disease and sex. RESULTS: We estimate 1,331 work-attributable cancers hospitalizations and 229 work-attributable cancers specialized ambulatory cases. Medical costs borne by public health care system exceed 10 million euros. Specialized care accounts for 64.2% of the total cost. Bronchus and lung cancer represents the largest percentage of total expenditure (27%), followed by the bladder cancer (12.6%), mesothelioma (8.6%), the colon cancer (7.3%), and stomach (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of cancer attributable to work in the Basque Country is much higher than reflected in the official Registry of Occupational Diseases. Underreporting of work-related cancers hampers prevention and shifts funding of medical costs from social security to the tax-financed public health system.

Costes sanitarios directos del asma de origen laboral en España: una estimación para el año 2008 / Direct Health Care Costs of Occupational Asthma in Spain: An Estimation From 2008

Introducción: El asma laboral es la enfermedad respiratoria profesional más frecuente en países industrializados. En 2008 se reconocieron en España 556 casos de asma profesional, lo que contrasta incluso con las estimaciones más conservadoras. El objetivo es estimar el número de casos de asma atribuibles al trabajo en España en 2008, así como el coste de su atención sanitaria el mismo año. Métodos: El número de casos de asma derivados del trabajo se calculó partiendo de las estimaciones de riesgo atribuible obtenidas en la literatura científica. La estimación de los costes se centró en los costes sanitarios directos, y se basó en el empleo de datos procedentes tanto de la contabilidad analítica del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) como de fuentes secundarias. Resultados: El número de casos prevalentes de asma en España en 2008 atribuido a exposiciones laborales oscilaría entre 168.713 y 204.705 casos cuando el diagnóstico es sintomático, con un coste asociado de entre 318,1 y 355,8 millones de euros. Estas cifras descenderían a entre 82.635 y 100.264 casos al añadir la hiperreactividad bronquial como criterio diagnóstico, con un coste de entre 155,8 y 174,3 millones de euros. Algo más de 18 millones corresponden al tratamiento sanitario de los casos que requieren atención especializada. Conclusiones: Estimar la magnitud del asma laboral constituye un elemento muy relevante para activar su adecuada prevención. El SNS asume unos costes significativos relativos a su tratamiento, que en todo caso deberían ser financiados por el sistema de Seguridad Social(AU)

Background: Occupational asthma is the most common work-related disease in industrialized countries. In 2008, only 556 cases of occupational asthma had been diagnosed in Spain, which is quite far from even the most conservative estimates. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the number of asthma cases attributable to the work setting in Spain in 2008 as well as the related health care costs for the same year. Methods: The number of cases of occupational asthma was calculated from estimates of attributable risk given by previous studies. The cost estimation focused on direct health-care costs and it was based both on data from the National Health System's (NHS) analytical accounting and from secondary sources. Results: The number of prevalent cases of work-related asthma in Spain during 2008 ranges between 168,713 and 204,705 cases based on symptomatic diagnosis, entailing an associated cost from 318.1 to 355.8 million Euros. These figures fall to a range between 82,635 and 100,264 cases when bronchial hyperreactivity is included as a diagnostic criterion, at a cost of 155.8 to 174.3 million Euros. Slightly more than 18 million Euros represent the health-care costs of those cases requiring specialized care. Conclusions: Estimations of occupational asthma are very relevant to adequately prevent this disease. The treatment of occupational asthma, which involves a significant cost, is being financed by the NHS, although it should be covered by Social Security(AU)

[Direct health care costs of lung and bladder cancer attributable to work. Spain, 2008]. / Costes sanitarios directos de las neoplasias de pulmón y vejiga de origen laboral en España en 2008.

BACKGROUND: The lack of recognition of the occupational etiology of some malignant tumors implies that the cost of their health care rests in the National Health System. The aim of our study is to estimate the job-related lung and bladder cancer in Spain in 2008 treated by the National Health System (NHS), as well as the medical costs derived from its treatment in the same year. METHODS: Literature estimates of Attributable Fractions due to work were used to estimate the job-related cases treated. Medical costs for specialised care (outpatient and hospital admissions) are derived from the NHS cost accounts. Costs due to primary health care and pharmaceutical benefits are obtained from secondary sources. Figures were computed according to disease and sex. RESULTS: A total of 10,652 NHS hospital discharges in 2008 were due to lung cancer and bladder cancer attributable to work (only 16 were recognized as professional the same year). The treatment of these cases cost to the NHS in 2008 almost 88 million euros, of which 61.2 million belong to lung cancer and 26.5 to the bladder. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of lung and bladder cancer attributable to work in Spain is much higher than reflected in the official Registry of Occupational Diseases. It should be recognized as professional to activate appropriate prevention policies. The related health care expenditure, which is financed by the NHS, is quite significant.

Direct health care costs of occupational asthma in Spain: an estimation from 2008.

BACKGROUND: Occupational asthma (OA) is the most common work-related disease in industrialized countries. In 2008, only 556 cases of OA had been diagnosed in Spain, which is quite far from even the most conservative estimates. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the number of asthma cases attributable to the work setting in Spain in 2008 as well as the related health care costs for the same year. METHODS: The number of cases of OA was calculated from estimates of attributable risk given by previous studies. The cost estimation focused on direct health-care costs and it was based both on data from the National Health System's (NHS) analytical accounting and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The number of prevalent cases of work-related asthma in Spain during 2008 ranges between 168 713 and 204 705 cases based on symptomatic diagnosis, entailing an associated cost from 318.1 to 355.8 million Euros. These figures fall to a range between 82 635 and 100 264 cases when bronchial hyperreactivity is included as a diagnostic criterion, at a cost of 155.8-174.3 million Euros. Slightly more than 18 million Euros represent the health-care costs of those cases requiring specialized care. CONCLUSIONS: Estimations of OA are very relevant to adequately prevent this disease. The treatment of OA, which involves a significant cost, is being financed by the NHS, although it should be covered by Social Security.

Costes sanitarios directos de las neoplasias de pulmón y vejiga de origen laboral en España en 2008 / Direct health care costs of lung and bladder cancer attributable to work. Spain, 2008

Fundamentos: La falta de reconocimiento del origen laboral de algunos tumores malignos conlleva que el coste de su asistencia sanitaria recaiga sobre el Sistema Nacional de Salud. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer el número de procesos atendidos por cáncer de pulmón y vejiga atribuibles al trabajo en España en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) en 2008, así como los costes sanitarios derivados de su atención. Métodos: El número de procesos se estimó aplicando las fracciones atribuibles al trabajo obtenidas en la literatura. Para el cálculo de los costes se utilizaron datos primarios relativos a la atención especializada del SNS (ambulatoria e ingresos hospitalarios), y fuentes secundarias para calcular el coste de la atención primaria de salud y la atención farmaceútica. Los cálculos se realizaron por enfermedad y sexo. Resultados: 10.652 altas hospitalarias durante 2008 fueron debidas a cánceres de pulmón y vejiga atribuibles al trabajo (se reconocieron 16 como profesionales el mismo año). El tratamiento de estos casos costó casi 88 millones de euros, de los cuales 61,2 corresponden al cáncer de pulmón y 26,5 al de vejiga. Destaca el enorme peso relativo de la atención especializada (64%) y el escaso peso de la atención primaria (2,3%). Conclusiones: La magnitud del cáncer de pulmón y vejiga derivado del trabajo en España es muy superior a la que refleja el registro de enfermedades profesionales, siendo imprescindible su reconocimiento como profesional para activar su adecuada prevención. La atención sanitaria de estas enfermedades supone un elevado gasto para el sistema público de salud(AU)

Background: The lack of recognition of the occupational etiology of some malignant tumors implies that the cost of their health care rests in the National Health System. The aim of our study is to estimate the job-related lung and bladder cancer in Spain in 2008 treated by the National Health System (NHS), as well as the medical costs derived from its treatment in the same year. Methods: Literature estimates ofAttributable Fractions due to work were used to estimate the job-related cases treated. Medical costs for specialised care (outpatient and hospital admissions) are derived from the NHS cost accounts. Costs due to primary health care and pharmaceutical benefits are obtained from secondary sources. Figures were computed according to disease and sex. Results:Atotal of 10,652NHS hospital discharges in 2008were due to lung cancer and bladder cancer attributable to work (only 16 were recognized as professional the same year). The treatment of these cases cost to the NHS in 2008 almost 88 million euros, of which 61.2 million belong to lung cancer and 26.5 to the bladder. Conclusions: The magnitude of lung and bladder cancer attributable to work in Spain ismuch higher than reflected in the official Registry of Occupational Diseases. It should be recognized as professional to activate appropriate prevention policies. The related health care expenditure, which is financed by the NHS, is quite significant(AU)