Assessment of Exposure to Mycotoxins in Spanish Children through the Analysis of Their Levels in Plasma Samples.

In this study, we present, for the first time in Spain, the levels of 19 mycotoxins in plasma samples from healthy and sick children (digestive, autism spectrum (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders) (n = 79, aged 2-16). The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) (LC-MS/MS). To detect Phase II metabolites, the samples were reanalyzed after pre-treatment with ß-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. The most prevalent mycotoxin was ochratoxin A (OTA) in all groups of children, before and after enzyme treatment. In healthy children, the incidence of OTA was 92.5% in both cases and higher than in sick children before (36.7% in digestive disorders, 50% in ASD, and 14.3% in ADHD) and also after the enzymatic treatment (76.6 % in digestive disorders, 50% in ASD, and 85.7% in ADHD). OTA levels increased in over 40% of healthy children after enzymatic treatment, and this increase in incidence and levels was also observed in all sick children. This suggests the presence of OTA conjugates in plasma. In addition, differences in OTA metabolism may be assumed. OTA levels are higher in healthy children, even after enzymatic treatment (mean OTA value for healthy children 3.29 ng/mL, 1.90 ng/mL for digestive disorders, 1.90 ng/mL for ASD, and 0.82 ng/mL for ADHD). Ochratoxin B appears only in the samples of healthy children with a low incidence (11.4%), always co-occurring with OTA. Sterigmatocystin (STER) was detected after enzymatic hydrolysis with a high incidence in all groups, especially in sick children (98.7% in healthy children and 100% in patients). This supports glucuronidation as a pathway for STER metabolism in children. Although other mycotoxins were studied (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1; T-2 and HT-2 toxins; deoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; zearalenone; nivalenol; fusarenon-X; neosolaniol; and diacetoxyscirpenol), they were not detected either before or after enzymatic treatment in any of the groups of children. In conclusion, OTA and STER should be highly considered in the risk assessment of mycotoxins. Studies concerning their sources of exposure, toxicokinetics, and the relationship between plasma levels and toxic effects are of utmost importance in children.

Otopalatodigital syndrome type I: New temporal bone CT-scan sign in a case with a de novo novel mutation / Síndrome otopalatodigital de tipo I: Nuevo signo de TC en una paciente con mutación de novo no descrita

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Percepción de padres e hijos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de niños según el estado ponderal en Navarra, España / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain

Introducción. El sobrepeso-obesidad, una enfermedad endémica en los países desarrollados, puede conllevar repercusiones físicas y psicosociales que deterioran la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Existen aspectos que pueden ser informados por los padres y otros en los que cobra mayor relevancia la visión subjetiva del paciente. El objetivo fue evaluar la concordancia de percepción entre padres e hijos de la CVRS de niños de 7 a 11 años, según su estado ponderal. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de parejas de niños y sus padres. Evaluación de la CVRS mediante los cuestionarios CHIP-Child Edition para niños y CHIP-Parent Report Form para padres. Evaluación de la concordancia mediante coefcientes de correlación interclase (CCI) y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados. Ciento cincuenta y dos parejas de padres-hijos, 55,3% de los niños eran normoponderales y 44,7% tenían sobrepeso-obesidad, sin diferencias en las características sociodemográficas. Los niños no reflejaron diferencias significativas según su estado ponderal. La concordancia padres-hijos fue media-baja (CCI <0,6) en la mayoría de las dimensiones, tanto en la muestra general como al segmentarla según el estado ponderal. En la dimensión "bienestar", el CCI fue superior (0,73) en el grupo sobrepeso-obesidad. En la percepción de los padres, la CVRS de los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad fue signifcativamente menor en satisfacción con la salud, bienestar físico y relación con los pares. Conclusiones. La concordancia entre padres e hijos en la percepción de la CVRS, según el estado ponderal de los niños, fue media-baja, pero sin diferencias signifcativas. La percepción de los padres fue signifcativamente de menor CVRS en los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad.(AU)

Introduction. Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patients subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. Population and Methods. Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coeffcients (ICC) and dispersion plots. Results. A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show signifcant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was signifcantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. Conclusions. Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the childrens weight status was medium-low, without any signifcant differences. Parents perceived that overweight-obese children had a signifcantly lower HRQoL.(AU)

Percepción de padres e hijos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de niños según el estado ponderal en Navarra, España / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain

Introducción. El sobrepeso-obesidad, una enfermedad endémica en los países desarrollados, puede conllevar repercusiones físicas y psicosociales que deterioran la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Existen aspectos que pueden ser informados por los padres y otros en los que cobra mayor relevancia la visión subjetiva del paciente. El objetivo fue evaluar la concordancia de percepción entre padres e hijos de la CVRS de niños de 7 a 11 años, según su estado ponderal. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de parejas de niños y sus padres. Evaluación de la CVRS mediante los cuestionarios CHIP-Child Edition para niños y CHIP-Parent Report Form para padres. Evaluación de la concordancia mediante coefcientes de correlación interclase (CCI) y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados. Ciento cincuenta y dos parejas de padres-hijos, 55,3% de los niños eran normoponderales y 44,7% tenían sobrepeso-obesidad, sin diferencias en las características sociodemográficas. Los niños no reflejaron diferencias significativas según su estado ponderal. La concordancia padres-hijos fue media-baja (CCI <0,6) en la mayoría de las dimensiones, tanto en la muestra general como al segmentarla según el estado ponderal. En la dimensión "bienestar", el CCI fue superior (0,73) en el grupo sobrepeso-obesidad. En la percepción de los padres, la CVRS de los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad fue signifcativamente menor en satisfacción con la salud, bienestar físico y relación con los pares. Conclusiones. La concordancia entre padres e hijos en la percepción de la CVRS, según el estado ponderal de los niños, fue media-baja, pero sin diferencias signifcativas. La percepción de los padres fue signifcativamente de menor CVRS en los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad.

Introduction. Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patient's subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. Population and Methods. Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coeffcients (ICC) and dispersion plots. Results. A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show signifcant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents' perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was signifcantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. Conclusions. Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the children's weight status was medium-low, without any signifcant differences. Parents' perceived that overweight-obese children had a signifcantly lower HRQoL.

Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patient's subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and dispersion plots. RESULTS: A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show significant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents' perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was significantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the children's weight status was medium-low, without any significant differences. Parents' perceived that overweight-obese children had a significantly lower HRQoL.

Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain. / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patients subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and dispersion plots. RESULTS: A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3

of children had a normal weight, and 44.7

were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show significant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was significantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the childrens weight status was medium-low, without any significant differences. Parents perceived that overweight-obese children had a significantly lower HRQoL.

Measurement and analysis of the chemotherapy-induced genetic instability in pediatric cancer patients.

Bleomycin sensitivity has been proven to be a useful biomarker for environmental carcinogenesis and tumor genetic instability. We have previously reported a significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations induced by chemotherapy regimens. This study aimed to test whether there is an inherent increased genetic instability in cancer patients at diagnosis, to determine the increase and time course of the chemotherapy-induced instability and to test whether bleomycin sensitivity can be used as a predictor of tumor evolution or relapse. The analysis included 99 pediatric cancer patients with four different tumor types (Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma and CNS tumors) and 25 controls. Blood samples (n = 171) were obtained before and at the end of treatment, during clinical remission and at relapse and bleomycin tests on lymphocyte cultures were performed. We detected a significant increase (P = 0.004) in mutagen sensitivity in patients at the end of treatment compared with untreated patients, regardless of the tumor type. In both the longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses maximal and similar values of mutagen sensitivity were found in patients during treatment (1.84 +/- 0.82) and at relapse (1.78 +/- 0.52); minimum and similar values were found in controls (0.93 +/- 0.23), untreated patients (1.15 +/- 0.65) and in those who had fulfilled the chemotherapy protocols for at least 2 years before their sample was collected (1.09 +/- 0.53). From this preliminary data we can conclude that cytostatic drugs induce a transient increase in chromosomal instability in pediatric cancer patients that can be monitored by bleomycin-induced sensitivity tests and that the genetic instability indices should be further investigated as predictors of relapse.