ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Childhood cancer treatments have made a spectacular advance in recent years, obtaining survival rates of about 70%. These survival rates have permitted many children to reach adulthood, but also involve the appearance of previously unknown neurocognitive sequelae because of high mortality. DEVELOPMENT: Neuropsychological evaluation allows the detection of these deficits and the design of intervention. In children, rather than a loss of function there is a loss of the capacities that should develop in comparison with his/her peers. To obtain a base line to determine the affected and altered areas, it is equally vital to assess the acute and long term effects so as to evaluate the success of the intervention program. Attention Process Training (APT) is an individualized application program of attentional exercises of varying complexity in sustained, selective, alternating and divided attention. This program combines methods and techniques of cerebral damage rehabilitation, as well as educational and clinical psychology. It is completed with a self instruction training which is applied in situations of daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Child cancer treatment continues to carry long term neurocognitive sequelae. Neuropsychological evaluation is basic for its detection, allowing relevant information to be offered to parents and teachers, so as to facilitate design of individualized rehabilitation procedures. Attention training is basic for this type of population with generalized damage related to white matter, and forms part of a wider rehabilitation process that enhance the ecological validity of the program.
Subject(s)
Attention , Brain Damage, Chronic/rehabilitation , Neoplasms/psychology , Programmed Instructions as Topic , Survivors/psychology , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Child , Cranial Irradiation/adverse effects , Humans , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/etiology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Neoplasms/therapy , Neuropsychological Tests , Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects , Program EvaluationABSTRACT
La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples alteraciones cognitivas.Por ello, es habitual el establecimiento de pautas generales de intervención que aparentemente facilitan el procesamiento de la información por parte del paciente, tales como la realización de terapias en lugares tranquilos y estructurados. En este trabajo se analizan los resultados obtenidos en diferentes pruebas de evaluación neuropsicológica de tres personas diagnosticadas de esquizofrenia con el objetivo de reconocer la importancia de la individualidad de los perfiles cognitivos para optimizar las intervenciones. Algunos pacientes parecen funcionar mejor en ambientes que demandan mayor recursos atencionales que en ambientes menos demandantes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Schizophrenic Psychology , Environment , Attention , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Intelligence TestsABSTRACT
En los últimos años, el incremento de la esperanza de vida y el aumento del número de personas que padecen algún tipo de demencia o enfermedad cerebrovascular han hecho patente la necesidad de desarrollar métodos de intervención neuropsicológica. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es la búsqueda de un método de rehabilitación de las capacidades atencionales que se muestre efectivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer en estadios iniciales así como en personas que hayan sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular. Para ello se ha diseñado un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica que ha sido aplicado a dos muestras: una formada por veintidós personas diagnosticadas de demencia tipo Alzheimer y otra constituida por diez sujetos que habían sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular en los últimos seis meses (AU)
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Alzheimer Disease/rehabilitation , Cerebrovascular Disorders/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Analysis of Variance , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el rendimiento de personas diagnosticadas en esquizofrenia en tareas atencionales (prueba de cancelación y tarea de escucha dicótica), cuando se administran por separado y cuando son administradas simultáneamente. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra de veinte esquizofrénicos que fueron divididos en dos grupos: uno que primero hacía las pruebas por separado y luego conjuntamente, y otro grupo que realizaba las tareas en orden inverso, primero conjuntamente y después por separado. Los resultados muestran que el rendimiento siempre es mejor en la escucha dicótica realizada sola y que este rendimiento es significativamente mayor si se realiza en segundo lugar (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Attention/physiology , Learning , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Dichotic Listening Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In spite of the numerous investigations generated for the detection of cognitive deficits in diverse populations (head injured, mental diseases), there is not an equipable volume of research directed to the study of the rehabilitation. However, little by little, it is detected a certain hegemony of the techniques used in relation to the subject that sublies of bottom. To take as frame the integrating model on the cognition from Parenté and Herrmmann (1996), in which three types different from variables are considered (active, passive and support) serves to fit the different directions in the cognitive rehabilitation. DEVELOPMENT: In the present work the cognitive rehabilitation was fitted, each one of the approaches would be described (therapy stimulation, training of processes, training in strategies, processing with nutrients and medication, external aids, increase of the physical and emotional health and social functioning, operant conditioning and neural repairing).
