ABSTRACT
Lifestyle has a determining influence on the progression of a chronic kidney disease (CKD), which starts with some kidney damage, that can remain and progress by the influence of risk factors and accumulate subsequent injury of kidney damage throughout life. It is more common in adults and frequently remains hidden from routine analysis, but if it can be detected early, treatment and healthy lifestyle can be applied, which would allow stopping or lengthening the progress of kidney damage, in order to avoid the need of a renal transplant or dialysis. The objective of this work was to show the possible lifestyles to apply, such as visits to the doctor, not smoking, have intense to moderate physical activity, consume enough vegetables and fruits, avoid diets high in carbohydrates and lipids. To carry out this review, it was obtained literature from databases between 1980 and 2017, freely accessible, using keywords like "chronic kidney disease (CKD)", "lifestyle" and "risk factors", and its equivalents in Spanish.
El estilo de vida tiene una influencia determinante en el avance de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), la cual inicia con algún daño renal que puede permanecer y progresar por la acción de factores de riesgo, además de que pueden agregarse lesiones renales a lo largo de la vida. Es más común en personas adultas y frecuentemente permanece oculta a los análisis habituales, pero si logra detectarse de manera temprana puede atenderse con el fin de aplicar estilos de vida saludables que permitan detener o alargar el avance del daño renal, para evitar o retardar la necesidad de diálisis o de trasplante. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer los posibles estilos de vida que se deben implementar, como las visitas al médico, no fumar, tener actividad de intensa a moderada, consumir suficientes vegetales y frutas, y evitar dietas altas en hidratos de carbono y lípidos. Para llevar a cabo la revisión se obtuvo literatura de bases de datos entre 1980 y 2017, de libre acceso, utilizando las palabras clave en inglés "chronic kidney disease (CKD)", "lifestyle" y "risk factors", y sus equivalentes en español.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Adult , Disease Progression , Humans , Life Style , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Birth defects are the number one cause of child mortality worldwide and in 2010 it was the second cause in Mexico. Congenital malformations are a public health issue, because they cause infant mortality, chronic disease and disability. The origin can be genetic, environmental or unknown causes. Among environmental contaminants, pesticides stand out. In this study, we determine the frequency and etiology of congenital malformations in newborns (NBs) of a floricultural community and we compare it with that in the urban community. For 18 months, the NBs were monitored at the Tenancingo General Hospital and the Mother and Child Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital (IMIEM) in Toluca. The identification of these malformations was carried out in accordance with the WHO. In Tenancingo, 1149 NBs were viewed, where 20% had some kind of congenital malformations. While in the IMIEM, 5069 were reviewed and 6% had some malformation. According to the etiology, in Tenancingo, 69% were multifactorial, 28% were monogenetic and 2% were chromosomal. In the IMIEM, 47% were multifactorial, then 18.3% were monogenetic and 2.8% were chromosomal. There was a significant difference between the global frequency of malformations and the multifactorial etiology of both institutions. Our results show that congenital malformations in the NBs occurred more frequently in the floricultural zone and that because the percentage of multifactorial etiology is higher, it is likely there is an association with exposure to pesticides.
