ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been associated with negative results in patients with A blood group and with a better evolution in O blood group individuals. AIM: Because the evidence regarding ABO blood groups and COVID was empirically not that clear in our country, we tested the association regarding COVID-19 and blood groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult patients were enrolled in this prospective, case-control, observational multicenter study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were assigned to one of three groups based on the clinical presentation of the infection. Age, gender, ABO and Rh blood groups, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, and smoking were recorded directly or from their clinical charts. ABO blood group was obtained from 5,000 blood donors (50% each gender). Atherothrombotic variables were compared with a nation-wide data collection. RESULTS: A total of 2,416 patients with COVID-19 were included (women:39.6%; men:60.4%). There were no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of age. O blood group was the most frequently found in healthy donors and COVID-19 patients, but this blood group was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy donors. ABO blood group was not associated with the final health status in COVID-19 patients. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were significantly more frequent among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The proposed protective effect of the O blood group in COVID-19 patients could not be reproduced in the Mexican population while some atherothrombotic risk factors had a significant effect on the clinical evolution.
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System , COVID-19 , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is no epidemiological registry in Mexico. The information about the epidemiology in our country is obtained by these types of studies, such as multicentric studies. A lot of improvements in the survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had occurred in the last 20 years. The access to treatment in these types of pathology could change the prognostic factors in Mexican Mestizos patients. The primary objective of the study was to learn what the most frequent histological varieties of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Mexico are. The secondary objectives included clinical characteristics, treatments used, treatment response, disease-free survival and overall survival. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of consecutive cases was carried out in 14 hospitals across 14 Mexican states with patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 criteria. Inclusion criteria included: ≥ 18 years of age, male or female, any clinical stage at diagnosis, who had received any chemotherapy regimen, with a known outcome. Descriptive statistics was performed for all variables, and survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Totally, 609 patients were enrolled, of which 545 were B-cell lymphomas and 64 were T-cell lymphomas. Median ages were 61 and 50, respectively. B-cell lymphomas were more common in males with 52.1%, and 65.5% of T-cell lymphomas occurred in females. For B-cell lymphomas, the two most frequent histological subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 63.9%, followed by follicular lymphoma at 18%. Meanwhile, 50% of T-cell lymphomas were of the T/natural killer (NK) subtype, and 87.1% of the patients received a CHOP-like regimen. Radiotherapy was given to 31% of B-cell Lymphomas and 46.9% of T-cell lymphomas. Overall survival at 9 years was 84.6% for B-cell lymphomas, and 73.4% for T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma constitutes the most frequent subtype for B-cell lymphomas in Mexico. The most frequent T-cell lymphoma is the NK/T histological subtype.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder which results from the translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of kinase tyrosine that has proved to be useful in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Our aim was to evaluate the major molecular response to 12 months with triple therapy, analyze the evolution of these patients, and the hematological and non-hematological toxicity. METHODS: It was performed a longitudinal study in patients with diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia who were treated with sequential triple therapy: Pegylated interferon alpha 2a (90 µg/week for four weeks) + imatinib (800 mg a day for 30 days) + cytarabine (20 mg/m2 from day 1 to 10). Molecular and hematologic responses at 12 months of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty eight patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were eligible; the mean age was 43.4 years and the medians of hemoglobin levels, leukocyte and platelet counts at diagnosis were 10 g/dL (5.1 to 16.0 g/dL), 208 000/µL3 (10 600 to 529 000/µL3) and 573 500/µL3 (130 000 to 4 272 000/µL3), respectively. According to the Sokal score, 68.4 % had low risk, 26.3 % intermediate and 5.3 % high risk. CONCLUSIONS: The hematologic response was similar to that reported in the IRIS study, but the molecular response was greater in more cases. The adverse hematological effects grades 3-4 and non-hematological were significative: 45 % and 87 %, which forces to continous monitoring. The combination of interferon alpha 2a, cytarabine and a high-dose of imatinib induced the major molecular response, of 68.4 %, at 12 months.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la leucemia mieloide crónica es un trastorno mieloproliferativo provocado por la translocación t (9;22)(q34;q11). El mesilato de imatinib es un inhibidor de la tirosina cinasa útil en el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide crónica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta molecular mayor a los 12 meses con esquema terapéutico triple, analizar la evolución de los pacientes, así como la toxicidad general y la hematológica. MÉTODOS: estudio observacional longitudinal en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica, tratados con interferón pegilado alfa 2a subcutáneo (90 µg/semana por cuatro semanas) + imatinib oral (800 mg/día por 30 días) + citarabina subcutánea (20 mg/m2 de superficie corporal del día 1 al 10). Se analizaron las respuestas hematológica y molecular a los 12 meses. RESULTADOS: se trataron 38 pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica con edad media de 43.4 años. Los niveles de hemoglobina, leucocitos y plaquetas al diagnóstico fueron de 10 g/dL (5.1 a 16 g/dL), 208 000/µL3 (10 600 a 529 000/µL3) y 573 500/µL3 (130 000 a 4 272 000/µL3), respectivamente. Según la escala Sokal, 68.4 % tuvo bajo riesgo, 26.3 % intermedio y 5.3 % riesgo alto. CONCLUSIONES: la respuesta hematológica fue semejante a la del estudio IRIS. Se obtuvo una respuesta molecular mayor en mayor proporción de casos. Los efectos secundarios hematológicos grados 3 y 4 y no hematológicos fueron significativos: 45 y 87 %, lo que obliga al monitoreo continuo. La combinación de interferón alfa 2a, citarabina e imatinib a dosis altas indujo la remisión molecular mayor a los 12 meses en 68.4 % de los casos.
