ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Toe Walking Tool (TWT) was developed in Australia as a valid and reliable screening tool for children who toe-walk. However, psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the TWT have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Spanish version of the TWT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Twelve children were assessed with the TWT. Intrarater and interrater reliability and agreement were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Fleiss kappa method for multiple raters. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed with the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 coefficient and known-group methods, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The Content Validity Index was calculated to determine clinical usefulness. RESULTS: An excellent intrarater (ICC = 1) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.8), moderate interrater agreement (Fleiss kappa, 0.6), strong internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson formula 20 coefficient, 0.86), and very good construct validity were found. Sensitivity and specificity results were appropriate (area under the curve, 0.845). The Content Validity Index was 0.906, suggesting high usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the TWT was found to be a valid, reliable and useful screening tool for children who toe-walk, providing evidence for its recommendation.
Subject(s)
Toes , Walking , Child , Humans , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción. La Toe Walking Tool (TWT) es una herramienta clínica de cribado que permite discriminar a los niños con desarrollo normal de los que presentan marcha de puntillas idiopática o marcha de puntillas de origen médico. Objetivo. Realizar la traducción y adaptación transcultural de la TWT para la población infantil española y evaluar su validez de contenido. Sujetos y métodos. El proceso se realizó según el método invertido de traducción-retrotraducción. Una vez obtenida la versión prefinal en castellano, se llevó a cabo su análisis mediante el método Delphi por parte de un panel de expertos para analizar su validez de contenido, así como la comprensión, viabilidad, aplicabilidad y utilidad de la herramienta. Resultados. Se constituyó un panel de expertos compuesto por 15 profesionales que determinaron la validez de contenido de la versión española de la TWT. El cuestionario traducido y adaptado transculturalmente al castellano presentó un índice de validez de contenido global excelente (0,94). A través del método Delphi se determinó que la escala era comprensible, viable, de aplicación sencilla y útil en el ámbito pediátrico. Conclusiones. La versión en castellano de la TWT presenta una excelente validez de contenido y se considera un instrumento comprensible, viable, sencillo y útil con aplicación en la población pediátrica española. En futuros estudios resulta necesario analizar sus características psicométricas en niños con marcha de puntillas
Introduction. The Toe Walking Tool (TWT) is a clinical screening instrument which helps in the differentiation of children with normal development, idiopathic toe-walking or toe-walking due to a medical cause. Aim. To carry out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the TWT for the Spanish pediatric population and to evaluate its content validity. Subjects and methods. This paper was carried out following an inverted method of translation and back-translation. Once the pre-final Spanish version was obtained, its analysis was conducted through the Delphi method by a panel of experts. The content validity of the tool explores its clarity, viability, applicability and usefulness. Results. An expert panel composed by 15 professionals determine the content validity of the Spanish version of the TWT. The questionnaire translated and adapted transculturally into Spanish presented an excellent global content validity index (0.94) and the expert committee considered that the scale was easily understandable, viable, simple to apply and useful in the pediatric setting. Conclusions. The Spanish version of the TWT presents an excellent content validity and is an understandable, viable, simple and useful assessment tool. It is necessary to carry out future studies to analyze its psychometric properties with a Spanish pediatric population
