ABSTRACT
Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in culture are a useful model for elucidating mammary gland metabolism and changes that occur under different nutrient disponibility. MECs were exposed to different treatments: 100% EAA for 8 h and 24 h restriction (R); 2% EAA for 8 h and 24 h R; 2% EAA for 8 h and 24 h + 100% EAA for 8 h and 24 h restriction + re-feeding (R + RF). Western blotting and protein quantification was performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) software identified the amino acids (AAs) and signaling pathways. The chi-squared test, multiple classification analysis, and analysis of variance were used for the purification and identification of data. Intracellular casein levels were not affected. The KEGG analysis revealed that the important pathways of metabolism of AAs, which were involved in processes related to metabolism and biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (fumarate, acetyl-CoA, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle), were affected by both R and R + RF treatments, mainly through the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase-2 enzyme. Additionally, metabolic processes mediated by the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and asparagine synthase proteins positively regulated the carbohydrate pathway, pyruvate, and TCA cycles, as well as the metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (carbohydrate and TCA cycle). We hypothesized that MECs have the capacity to utilize alternative pathways that ensure the availability of substrates for composing milk proteins.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective. To determine in Medellín, Colombia, the prevalence of zoonotic agents in canines and felines. Materials and methods. 1501 individuals were sampled for the analysis of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites by direct coprology and flotation. 500 canine sera were examined by PARP-2ME and MAT for the diagnosis of Brucella canis and Leptospira sp, respectively. 500 feline sera were processed by IFI for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii. The frequency for each zoonosis and the statistical significance for the different variables were established (p≤0.05; OR≥1; 95% CI). Results. 23.6% of canines and 16.3% of felines were positive for gastrointestinal parasites; Ancylostomids and D. caninum were the most prevalent; species, age, sex, sector, socioeconomic level and the month of sampling showed associations with gastrointestinal parasitism in pets. Canines showed a seroprevalence of 6.6% in B. canis and 8.4%, Leptospira sp; in felines 56.2% for T. gondii. All of the above associated with the commune, month of sampling, age and stratum. Conclusions. Pets located in different communes and socioeconomic strata with lower quality of life conditions represent a risk of zoonotic transmission.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de agentes zoonóticos en caninos y felinos en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 1501 individuos para el análisis de parásitos gastrointestinales zoonóticos por medio de coprología directa y flotación. Se examinaron 500 sueros caninos por medio de PARP-2ME y MAT para el diagnóstico de Brucella canis y Leptospira sp, respectivamente. Se procesaron 500 sueros felinos por medio de IFI para el diagnóstico de Toxoplasma gondii. Se estableció la frecuencia para cada zoonosis y la significancia estadística para las diferentes variables (p≤0.05; OR≥1; IC 95%). Resultados. El 23.6% de los caninos y 16.3% de los felinos fueron positivos a parásitos gastrointestinales, siendo los Ancylostomideos y D. caninum los más prevalente, respectivamente; la especie, edad, sexo, sector, estrato socioeconómico y el mes de muestreo presentaron asociaciones con el parasitismo gastrointestinal en mascotas. En caninos se evidenció una seroprevalencia del 6.6% para B. canis y 8.4% para Leptospira sp; en felinos del 56.2% para T. gondii. Todas las anteriores asociadas con la zona de muestreo, mes, edad y estrato. Conclusiones. Las mascotas ubicadas en diferentes comunas y estratos socioeconómicos con condiciones de calidad de vida menores representan un riesgo de transmisión zoonótica.
