Biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama y biopsia escisional previa: ¿cambia la fiabilidad de la técnica según el tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía? / Selective biopsy of the sentinel lymph node in patients with breast cancer and previous excisional biopsy: is there a change in the reliability of the technique according to time from surgery?

Objetivo. Analizar la influencia del tiempo sobre la fiabilidad de la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en pacientes con cáncer de mama y biopsia escisional (BE) previa, estudiando la tasa de detección del ganglio centinela y de recidivas ganglionares. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 36 pacientes con cáncer de mama cT1/T2 N0 y BE de la lesión, a los que se realizó la linfogammagrafía tras la administración periareolar subdérmica de radiocoloide, el día previo a la cirugía para BSGC. Los pacientes se clasificaron en dos grupos: uno incluyó 12 pacientes en los que la BSGC tuvo lugar durante los 29 días posteriores a la BE (grupo A) y otro 24 en que el tiempo transcurrido entre ambas cirugías fue igual o superior a 30 días (grupo B). Se analizaron la detección gammagráfica y quirúrgica del ganglio centinela, la histología del ganglio centinela y de la linfadenectomía axilar realizada, y las recidivas ganglionares durante el seguimiento. Resultados. La detección gammagráfica y quirúrgica del ganglio centinela fue del 100% en ambos grupos. Histológicamente, tres pacientes presentaron macrometástasis en el ganglio centinela, una del grupo A y dos del B. Ningún paciente, ni siquiera aquellos con afectación metastásica del ganglio centinela, recidivó después de un seguimiento medio de 49,5 meses (24 - 75). Conclusión. En la serie estudiada, el tiempo transcurrido entre la BE y la BSGC no ha influenciado la fiabilidad de esta última después de una inyección superficial del radiofármaco, demostrando una alta tasa de detección del ganglio centinela, sin evidencia de recidivas ganglionares durante el seguimiento (AU)

Aim. To assess the influence of time on the reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients with previous excisional biopsy (EB), analyzing both the sentinel lymph node detection and the lymph node recurrence rate. Material and methods. Thirty-six patients with cT1/T2 N0 breast cancer and previous EB of the lesion underwent a lymphoscintigraphy after subdermal periareolar administration of radiocolloid, the day before SLNB. Patients were classified into two groups, one including 12 patients with up to 29 days elapsed between EB and SLNB (group A), and another with the remaining 24 in which time between both procedures was of 30 days or more (group B). Scintigraphic and surgical detection of the sentinel lymph node, histological status of the sentinel lymph node and of the axillary lymph node dissection, if performed, and lymphatic recurrences during follow-up, were analyzed. Results. Sentinel lymph node visualization at the lymphoscintigraphy and surgical detection were 100% in both groups. Histologically, three patients showed macrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node, one from group A and two from group B. None of the patients, not even those with malignancy of the sentinel lymph node, relapsed after a medium follow-up of 49.5 months (24 - 75). Conclusion. Time elapsed between EB and SLNB does not influence the reliability of this latter technique as long as a superficial injection of the radiopharmaceutical is performed, proving a very high detection rate of the sentinel lymph node without evidence of lymphatic relapse during follow-up (AU)

[Selective biopsy of the sentinel lymph node in patients with breast cancer and previous excisional biopsy: is there a change in the reliability of the technique according to time from surgery?]. / Biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama y biopsia escisional previa: ¿cambia la fiabilidad de la técnica según el tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía?

AIM: To assess the influence of time on the reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients with previous excisional biopsy (EB), analyzing both the sentinel lymph node detection and the lymph node recurrence rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with cT1/T2 N0 breast cancer and previous EB of the lesion underwent a lymphoscintigraphy after subdermal periareolar administration of radiocolloid, the day before SLNB. Patients were classified into two groups, one including 12 patients with up to 29 days elapsed between EB and SLNB (group A), and another with the remaining 24 in which time between both procedures was of 30 days or more (group B). Scintigraphic and surgical detection of the sentinel lymph node, histological status of the sentinel lymph node and of the axillary lymph node dissection, if performed, and lymphatic recurrences during follow-up, were analyzed. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph node visualization at the lymphoscintigraphy and surgical detection were 100% in both groups. Histologically, three patients showed macrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node, one from group A and two from group B. None of the patients, not even those with malignancy of the sentinel lymph node, relapsed after a medium follow-up of 49.5 months (24-75). CONCLUSION: Time elapsed between EB and SLNB does not influence the reliability of this latter technique as long as a superficial injection of the radiopharmaceutical is performed, proving a very high detection rate of the sentinel lymph node without evidence of lymphatic relapse during follow-up.

Hamartoma mamario gigante: dos casos de una entidad rara / Giant breast hamartoma: two cases of a rare entity

El hamartoma gigante de la mama es una entidad clínico-patológica inusual que tiende a confundirse con otros tumores. A pesar del avance en las técnicas diagnósticas, su diagnóstico clínico es difícil y normalmente solo se confirma cuando se analiza toda la pieza de resección. El diagnóstico diferencial debe incluir entidades como el fibroadenoma, lipoma, tumor phyllodes y diversos tipos de carcinomas. Presentamos 2 casos de hamartoma gigante de mama en mujeres de edad media, de los cuales uno fue tratado mediante mastectomía conservadora de complejo pezónareola y reconstrucción con prótesis y el otro con biopsia escisional y remodelación con patrón de pexia mamaria (AU)

Giant hamartoma of the breast is an unusual clinicopathologic entity that tends to be mistaken with other tumours. Its clinical diagnosis is extremely difficult and, despite of the radiologic improvements, most of them are suspected and confirmed only when all specimen is studied. Its differential diagnosis includes fibroadenoma, lipoma, phyllodes tumour and various carcinomas. We report 2 cases of giant hamartoma of the breast in middle age female patients, with surgical approach of the tumor by nipple-areola sparing mastectomy and correction of the resultant breast deformity by prosthetic reconstruction and other with excisional biopsy with mastopexy (AU)

Un reto en reconstrucción mamaria / A challenge in breast reconstruction

La reconstrucción mamaria ha evolucionado en estos últimos años con la aparición de novedades como la infiltración de grasa autóloga y el uso de matrices dérmicas. Presentamos un caso complejo de reconstrucción mamaria tras el fracaso de la cirugía primaria. Analizamos las diversas técnicas quirúrgicas llevadas a cabo en este caso, con las que consideramos que debería estar familiarizado el cirujano que lleva a cabo la reconstrucción de la mama. El autotrasplante de grasa permite minimizar los efectos locales de la radioterapia y engrosar los tejidos. Las matrices dérmicas acelulares proporcionan una cobertura extra del polo inferior del implante y garantizan una expansión más segura. En ocasiones, técnicas quirúrgicas sencillas permiten rescatar procesos complicados con mínima morbilidad y escaso sacrificio tisular (AU)

Breast reconstruction has been in evolution in the last few years with the appearance of new techniques like autologous fat grafting and a cellular dermal matrix. We present a complex case of breast reconstruction after the failure of the first surgery. We analyze the different performed techniques, that should be familiar for all breast surgeons. Lipofilling allows minimize the local effects of radiotherapy and make tissues thicker. A cellular dermal matrix makes possible an extra coverage of the lower pole of the breast implant and guarantees safer expansion. Sometimes, simple surgical techniques allow rescue complicated cases with low morbidity and less tissue sacrifice (AU)

Versatilidad del colgajo de perforantes de la arteria sural y planificación quirúrgica mediante angioscanner / Versatility of sural artery perforator flap and surgical planning with angioscanner

La cirugía reconstructiva moderna busca incesantemente lograr la mejor cobertura bajo la mínima morbilidad de la zona donante. El objetivo de esta revisión y serie prospectiva es mostrar la versatilidad del colgajo de perforantes de la arteria sural medial y lateral para la cobertura de diferentes defectos empleado tanto de forma local como libre. Paralelamente, analizamos el valor del angioTAC en la planificación prequirúrgica de dicho colgajo. Exponemos nuestra experiencia reciente, de 2 años, con 11 casos de utilización del colgajo de perforantes de la arteria sural (SAP). Introducimos el uso del angioscanner como herramienta de planificación quirúrgica para la localización de las perforantes y diseño del colgajo. Concluimos que el colgajo SAP es una opción reconstructiva efectiva y fiable y que el angioTAC prequirúrgico es lo suficientemente útil como para realizarse de forma protocolaria (AU)

The modern reconstructive surgery continuously searches the best coverage option with minimal donormorbidity. Our goal with this prohespective series and revisionis to show how versatile sural artery perforator flap can be and the assistance with angioTAC as presurgical planning tool. We describe our experience in 2 years with 11 cases of using of the sural artery perforator flap. We also introduce the using of angioscanner as a presurgical planning tool to identify and design the flap. We conclude that sural artery perforator flap (SAP) is an effective and reliable reconstructive fasciocutaneous option and that angioTAC is a helpful-planning tool that confers suitability to be indicated (AU)

Use of angioscanning in the surgical planning of perforator flaps in the lower extremities.

BACKGROUND: This is one of the few studies in the literature to describe angio-computed tomography (CT) as a planning tool in perforator flap surgery in the lower extremities. METHODS: Eighteen consecutive patients undergoing a perforator flap for lower-extremity reconstruction underwent preoperative CT angiography between September 2007 and November 2009. Eleven received propeller-type flaps, four medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flaps, two lateral sural artery perforator (LSAP) flaps and one anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. RESULTS: Preoperative CT angiography was highly specific (100%) and sensitive in mapping and visualising perforators in the lower limb. There were hardly any flap failures after angio-CT, and operative findings always correlated perfectly with preoperative imaging. Postoperative recoveries were uneventful except in three cases of peroneal artery perforator flaps that presented partial necrosis due to venous congestion. CONCLUSIONS: CT angiography is a valuable imaging tool for the preoperative assessment of the donor-site vascular supply for lower-extremity flaps. We recommend use of preoperative angio-CT for imaging vascular anatomy of the lower limb before defect reconstruction, especially in traumatic patients and patients with peripheral vascular disease. Its use can also reduce intra-operative dissection time and minimises surgical error in the identification of the vascular anatomy.