ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la aplicación de la TDC en un cliente con adicción a la cocaína. Luis acude por problemas familiares. Consume continuadamente cocaína durante 10 años, además de alcohol, tabaco y conductas de ludopatía. Muestra dificultades emocionales, en control de impulsos, en tolerancia a la frustración y un deterioro de las áreas vitales. La desregulación emocional y la escasa tolerancia a la frustración presentes en el patrón de adicción a la cocaína han propiciado que se aplique la terapia dialéctica conductual (TDC). Se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento de habilidades TDC durante 12 meses, tanto individual y grupal. Se realizan seguimientos a los 12 y 24 meses. El paciente se mantuvo abstinente a lo largo de los 12 meses de tratamiento y a los 12 y 24 meses de seguimiento. Se redujo la sintomatológica general, aumento las actividades alternativas al consumo y se alcanzó una mayor aceptación y regulación de los estados emocionales. La TDC resulto ser una terapia adecuada para tratar la adicción a la cocaína a largo plazo de Luis, debido a que propicio la abstinencia, facilito la regulación emocional y genero una vida alternativa al consumo
The aim of the current study is to describe and analyze the application of the TDC in a client with cocaine addiction. Luis comes for consultation because of family problems. Cocaine use has continued for 10 years, in addition to alcohol, smoking and gambling behavior. He suffers emotional difficulties, impulsivity problems, poor distress tolerance and deterioration of main areas in his life. The emotional dysregulation and low distress tolerance skill, as central dimensions in cocaine disorder, have led to the application of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). A DBT skills training program has been applied for 12 months, both individually and in group. There has been 12- and 24-month follow-up. The patient has presented continuous abstinence for 12 months of treatment and at 12- and 24- month follow-up. Also, he showed a general symptomatic reduction, increased alternative activities to consumption and a greater acceptance and a better regulation of emotional states. The TDC is presented as an appropriate long-term treatment for the cocaine addiction of Luis, as it helps him to maintain abstinence, provides him a better emotional regulation and generates an alternative life against consumption
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Criminal Behavior , Criminal Behavior/physiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/etiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Affective Symptoms/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/instrumentation , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Medication Adherence/psychology , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/instrumentation , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)/methods , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/etiology , Motivational Interviewing/methods , Motivational Interviewing , Psychopharmacology/instrumentation , Psychopharmacology/methodsABSTRACT
El tratamiento psicológico de elección del Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC) es la Exposición con Prevención de Respuesta (EPR). El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo un análisis funcional de los procedimientos de EPR y Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) en el tratamiento del TOC, y comparar la eficacia de ambas formas de terapia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible hasta el momento. Los resultados obtenidos indican que estas formas de intervención se basan en diferentes procesos de cambio, pudiendo constituir la ACT una buena alternativa para aquellas personas que no se beneficien de un tratamiento con EPR, además de para lograr una prevención de recaídas en el futuro (AU)
The psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the exposure with response prevention (ERP). The aim of this work is to perform a functional analysis of the EPR and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) procedures in the treatment of OCD, and to compare the efficacy of both forms of intervention. A systematic review of the literature was performed. The results indicate that these interventions are based on different processes of change; the ACT may be a good alternative for those who do not have access to treatment with EPR and in the relapse prevention (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/methods , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/trends , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Muscle Relaxation/physiology , Psychotherapy/methods , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to determine the validity of a self-report on recent drug use (cocaine and cannabis) in a sample of university students of both sexes and to explore the role of attitudes toward substance use as related to this report. The subjects (506) were volunteers aged 17-35 years (who received an economic incentive) recruited at the University of Almería (Spain). The results were analyzed on the basis of correspondence between the self-report of recent use and a urine test. Three logistic regression analyses between self-reported use and attitudes toward drugs were also performed. The results show that the convergent validity of the self-report of drug use and the urine test is quite satisfactory, with percentages of agreement varying from .89 to .98 and Kappa of .66 and .56 for cannabis and cocaine, respectively. Sensitivity of the self-report is 57.1% (cocaine) and 91.8% (cannabis), and specificity is 99.4% (cocaine) and 89.6% (cannabis). The differences found in correspondence between the two substances are discussed with regard to self-reported attitudes on drug use (AU)
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprobar la validez del autoinforme del consumo reciente de drogas (cannabis y cocaína) en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios de ambos sexos y explorar el papel de las actitudes hacia el consumo en relación al informe de éste. Los sujetos (506) fueron voluntarios (recibiendo un incentivo económico) con edades entre 17-35 años, captados de la Universidad de Almería (España). Los resultados se analizaron a partir de las correspondencias entre el autoinforme del consumo reciente y el test de orina. También se realizaron tres análisis de regresión logística entre el consumo autoinformado y las actitudes hacia las drogas. Los resultados señalan que la validez convergente del autoinforme de consumo de drogas con el test de orina es bastante buena, con porcentajes de acuerdo que oscilan entre 0.89 y 0.98, y valores Kappa de 0.66 y 0.56 para el cannabis y cocaína, respectivamente. La sensibilidad del autoinforme es de 57.1% (cocaína) y 91.8% (cannabis), y la especificidad es de 99.4% (cocaína) y 89.6% (cannabis). Las diferencias encontradas en las correspondencias entre las dos sustancias se discuten en relación a las actitudes informadas por los sujetos en relación al consumo de drogas (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Self Report , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance Abuse Detection/statistics & numerical data , Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Attitude , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to determine the validity of a self-report on recent drug use (cocaine and cannabis) in a sample of university students of both sexes and to explore the role of attitudes toward substance use as related to this report. The subjects (506) were volunteers aged 17-35 years (who received an economic incentive) recruited at the University of Almería (Spain). The results were analyzed on the basis of correspondence between the self-report of recent use and a urine test. Three logistic regression analyses between self-reported use and attitudes toward drugs were also performed. The results show that the convergent validity of the self-report of drug use and the urine test is quite satisfactory, with percentages of agreement varying from .89 to .98 and Kappa of .66 and .56 for cannabis and cocaine, respectively. Sensitivity of the self-report is 57.1% (cocaine) and 91.8% (cannabis), and specificity is 99.4% (cocaine) and 89.6% (cannabis). The differences found in correspondence between the two substances are discussed with regard to self-reported attitudes on drug use.
Subject(s)
Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Cocaine-Related Disorders/urine , Marijuana Abuse/diagnosis , Marijuana Abuse/urine , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Adult , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology , Students , Universities , Young AdultABSTRACT
Este estudio de revisión tiene como objetivo proveer una visión general de la evolución y situación actual de las unidades de cuidados paliativos. Además, se clarifica el concepto de enfermedad terminal, así como los objetivos de la actuación terapéutica en dichas condiciones. Tales objetivos se llevan a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinar que requiere formación y atención específica, entre quienes el psicólogo tiene un importante papel en relación con el bienestar emocional del paciente y su familia. Finalmente, se reflexiona en relación con las dificultades que encuentran los profesionales para realizar su trabajo, así como sobre la necesidad de estudios en los que se ofrezcan descripciones sistemáticas de la intervención integral en medicina paliativa
The aim of this review study is to pro vide a general view of the development and present situation of palliative care units. Furthermore, the concept of terminal disease is delimited, as well as the goals of the therapeutic practice. Such goals are pursued by a multidisciplinary team with specific training and careo As part of this team, the psychologist plays a relevant role in achieving emotional wellbeing of patients and their families. Finally, some reflection is devoted to difficulties encountered by practitioners when carrying out their job and to the need of studies describing systematically a comprehensive in tervention in palliative medicine
