Biological and physico-mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) enriched with graphene oxide as a potential biomaterial / Propiedades físicas-mecánicas-biológicas del poli (metilmetacrilato) enriquecido con óxido de grafeno como potencial biomaterial

Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and effects of graphene oxide (GO) on cellular proliferation of gingival-fibroblasts, pulp-dental cells and human osteoblasts in culture, and to determine the physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enriched with GO. Material and Methods: The GO was characterized with SEM. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were determined by the MTT bioassay. The physical mechanical tests (flexural strength and elastic modulus) were carried out with a universal testing machine. Sorption and solubility were determined by weighing before and after drying and immersion in water. Porosity was evaluated by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Tukey's posthoc ANOVA. Results: The GO has a heterogeneous morphology and a particle size of 66.67±64.76 µm. GO has a slight to no-cytotoxicity (>50-75% viability) at 1-30 days, and at 24 hours incubation of PMMA with GO significantly stimulates osteoblasts (45±8%, p<0.01). The physical and mechanical properties of PMMA with GO increase considerably without altering sorption, solubility and porosity. Conclusion: GO alone or with PMMA has an acceptable biocompatibility, could contribute to cell proliferation, cell regeneration and improve the physical mechanical properties of PMMA.

Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and effects of graphene oxide (GO) on cellular proliferation of gingival-fibroblasts, pulpdental cells and human osteoblasts in culture, and to determine the physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enriched with GO. Material and Methods: T he G O w as c haracterized with SEM. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were determined by the MTT bioassay. The physical-mechanical tests (flexural strength and elastic modulus) were carried out with a universal testing machine. Sorption and solubility were determined by weighing before and after drying and immersion in water. Porosity was evaluated by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Tukey's post-hoc ANOVA. Results: The GO has a heterogeneous morphology and a particle size of 66.67±64.76 ?m. GO has a slight to no-cytotoxicity (>50-75% viability) at 1-30 days, and at 24 hours incubation of PMMA with GO significantly stimulates osteoblasts (45±8%, p<0.01). The physical and mechanical properties of PMMA with GO increase considerably without altering sorption, solubility and porosity. Conclusion: GO alone or with PMMA has an acceptable biocompatibility, could contribute to cell proliferation, cell regeneration and improve the physical-mechanical properties of PMMA.

Estilos de vida de un grupo de alcohólicos abstinentes / Life styles in an abstemious alcoholics group

Introducción: una limitación importante de los estudios precedentes sobre la temática del alcoholismo desde un modelo de factores favorecedores y de riesgo, es el hecho de no considerar lo suficiente los mecanismos autorreguladores de la personalidad y cómo estos se interrelacionan con otras categorías de expresión más comportamental, como lo representan los estilos de vida, escasamente estudiados en alcohólicos en abstinencia; limitaciones superadas en la presente investigación. Para ello se trascendió el enfoque conductual hacia uno personológico que facilitó la comprensión de las dinámicas psicológicas que subyacen en la personalidad de individuos en proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial, a punto de partida de un estudio anterior. Objetivo: caracterizar el estilo de vida de un grupo de 10 alcohólicos abstinentes Métodos: investigación cualitativa-descriptiva de corte transversal y con diseño no experimental. Se emplearon la Entrevista, el Cuestionario de Factores, así como los test psicológicos Registro de la Actividad y Método Directo e Indirecto y la Escala autovalorativa Dembo-Rubinstein. Resultados: los estilos de vida de los alcohólicos abstinentes se caracterizaron por ser óptimos en 9 de los participantes y adecuado en uno de ellos, es decir, vinculados laboralmente, en ocasiones con más de una actividad económica, escaso tiempo libre, con familias reconstruidas, afiliación a grupos sociales diversos, y una amplia red de vínculos sociales. Se constató un funcionamiento psicosocial muy favorable, en las áreas social, familiar, laboral y personal, adherencia terapéutica, reinserción social y signos de desarrollo personal, focalizados en el cultivo de valores y la superación de cualidades negativas del carácter. La comparación de los estilos de vidas de este grupo con uno de alcohólicos en recuperación permitió apreciar diferencias notables entre ambos grupos con relación a las variables exploradas.Conclusión: por tanto, la rehabilitación....(AU)

Introduction: an important impediment of former studies from a model of favorable and risk factors is the fact of do not have into consideration the auto regulative mechanism of personality and how these mechanism are interrelated with other categories of behavior expression , such as lifestyle, shortage studied on abstemious alcoholic. This insufficiency was gained in the present research, behaviour focal point towards a personologic that easies the understanding of the psychological dynamics that underlies on the personality of individuals on psychosocial rehabilitation process which is a point of start of a former study. Objective: to describe the lifestyle of a group of ten abstemious alcoholics. Methods: a transversal cut and quality-descriptive research with non experimental design was carried out. Interview, Factors questionnaire, as well as, Activity Register, Indirect and Direct Method and Dembo–Rubinstein Scale psychological tests were used. Results: the lifestyles of the abstemious alcoholic were characterized for being optimum on 9 participants and adequate on one of them. It means that they are working and in occasions with more than one economic activity, recovered families, lack of free time, association to social groups and a wide social relation.A very favorable psychosocial function concerning to the social, familiar work and personal areas, as well as, treatment fulfillment, social reinsertion and personal development signs centered on the creation of values and the overcome of negative qualities of the character.The comparison of the lifestyles of this group with one group of the alcoholics in recovery phase allowed appreciating remarkable differences on both groups in relation with the explored variables. Conclusion: thus, psychosocial rehabilitation of alcoholic is visible through the quality of lifestyles and its psychosocial functioning(AU)

Factores psicológicos favorecedores de la abstinencia alcohólica en un grupo de alcohólicos rehabilitados / Positive psychological factors in the alcoholic abstinence on a group of rehabilitated alcoholic individuales

Objetivos: Caracterizar los factores psicológicos favorecedores de la abstinencia alcohólica en un grupo de abstinentes alcohólicos, los específicos, caracterizar los mecanismos autorreguladores de la personalidad de los abstinentes (sistema motivacional, autovaloración y dimensión temporal), e identificar las diferencias entre abstinentes y consumidores con relación a las variables de estudio. Métodos: investigación cualitativa-descriptiva de corte transversal y con diseño no experimental. Se emplearon la Entrevista, el Cuestionario de Factores, así como los tests psicológicos Registro de la Actividad y Métodos Directo e Indirecto y la Escala autovalorativa Dembo-Rubinstein. Resultados: Se evidenciaron diferencias en ambos grupos con respecto a las categorías de estudio y se observó un predominio de factores favorecedores de la abstinencia alcohólica en los abstinentes, mientras que en los consumidores predominaron los factores de riesgo de la abstinencia.Conclusiones: Los mecanismos autorreguladores de la personalidad en abstinentes alcohólicos se caracterizan por una motivación por el cambio muy buena, una autovaloración, perspectiva temporal y dimensión temporal adecuadas.Los factores psicológicos favorecedores de la abstinencia alcohólica en los alcohólicos abstinentes son: optimismo ante situaciones difíciles, solidaridad con otros alcohólicos, asistencia regular a grupos de Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA) y/o psicoterapéuticos, autovaloración positiva hacia el autocontrol emocional, la dimensión temporal y empleo útil del tiempo, conciencia de enfermedad, confianza en la rehabilitación, no creen poder consumir alcohol con control, creen en Dios o en poder superior, desarrollan valores morales, estables en pareja, laboral, buen humor, con planes futuros, entre otros(AU)

Objectives: to characterize the specific positive psychological factors in the alcoholic abstinence on a group of rehabilitated alcoholic individuals; to characterize the personality self regulators mechanisms of the abstinent individuals (motivational system, self assessment and temporal dimension); to identify the difference between abstinent individual and consumers according to the study variable. Methods: a non experimental design, transversal and descriptive- qualitative research was carried out. The questionnaire of Factors, Interview and the psychological tests Register of Activities and Direct and Indirect Methods and Dembo Rubenstein Self –Assessment Scale were used.Results: there were found differences between both groups according to the categories of study and a prevalence of positive factors in the alcoholic abstinence on the group of alcoholic individual, meanwhile on the group of consumers the risks of the abstinence prevailed. Conclusions: the personality self regulators mechanisms of the abstinent individuals are: optimism before complex situations, positive self assessment towards emotional self control, temporal dimension, useful use of time, awareness of the disease, trust on rehabilitation therapy, they do not believe that they are able to consume alcohol with control, they believe in God or in a Superior Divinity Power, they develop moral principles, they become stable with their couple and also with their work´s duties, they become liable with other alcoholic individuals, they are able to make plans for the future and to have a good disposition, they also have a regular participation to Anonym Alcoholic Groups or to Psychotherapy Groups among other characteristics(AU)