ABSTRACT
Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been implemented in the training plans of many athletes and sports teams, obtaining very good results for the improvement of mental skills. These effects are achieved through improvements in cognitive skills such as motivation, mental concentration, and self-confidence, all within an appropriate context of specific physical, technical, and tactical training. However, there are few studies that consider the analysis of performance from a psychological point of view from a gender perspective. The objective of this study was to evaluate a mental training intervention (cognitive-behavioral therapy) in youth rowers in preparation for their participation in the Junior European Championship. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with the complete team of the Spanish youth rowing team (n = 16). The setting where the intervention took place was during the team's stay prior to the European Rowing Junior Championships. Psychological variables were assessed using the Psychological Characteristics Related to Sport Performance Questionnaire. The final assessment was carried out the week before the championship (after finishing the 10th week of intervention). After the intervention, improvements were identified in the Stress Control and Influence of Performance Evaluation subscales in the total sample. However, in the analysis separated by sex, only women improved on the Influence of Performance Evaluation subscale. Lastly, the linear regression analysis adjusted for the sex variable was only significant with the age variable (with a negative effect). This intervention was found to be effective in improving only some of the psychological components related to athletic performance (Stress Control and Influence of Performance Evaluation). These improvements were not related to better results in the European Rowing Junior Championship. These results should be taken into account because they provide evidence for the efficacy of psychological interventions in the field of grassroots sport.
ABSTRACT
El estudio de las variables psicológicas en el deporte es un punto clave para entender los diferentes comportamientos y resultados en el mundo del deporte, así como para desarrollar diferentes estrategias de intervención psicológica para mejorar el rendimiento. Recoger información de variables psicológicas de una forma sencilla y práctica nos permitirá conocer, en mayor profundidad, el campo de la psicología deportiva. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue reducir y validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista (CNPD) de Dosil (2005) de 30 ítems que se dividen en 4 factores: Concentración, Activación, Confianza y Motivación. Se recogió una muestra de 327 deportistas de 18 deportes diferentes y con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 54 años (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). Los resultados de los análisis psicométricos mostraron una buena validez y una alta fiabilidad, obteniendo un instrumento reducido a 15 ítems y 4 factores, adecuado para su aplicación en el ámbito del deporte
The studying of psychological factors is a key element for understanding different behaviours and results in the Sports world, and also for developing different strategies of psychological intervention in order to improve the performance. Collecting data of psychological factors in a simple and practical way will allow us to have a deeper understanding of the Sports Psychology field. Therefore, the goal of this study was to simplify and validate a Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportistas (CNPD) by Dosil (20015), composed of 30 items, and divided in 4 factors: focus, activation, confidence and motivation. In order to do that, we collected a sample of 327 sportsmen and women of 18 different sports, with ages ranging between 11 and 54 (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). The results of the psychometric analysis showed a good validity and a high reliability, yielding an instrument reduced just to 15 items and 4 factors, which is suitable for the Sports scope
O estudo das variáveis psicológicas no esporte é um ponto chave para perceber os diferentes comportamentos e resultados do mundo do esporte assim como para desenvolver diferentes estratégias de intervenção psicológica e para melhorar o rendimento. Recolher informação de variáveis psicólogas de um jeito simples e prático permitirá conhecer com maior profundidade o ramo da psicologia esportiva. Por isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi reduzir e validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista(CNPD) de 30 itens que são divididos em 4 fatores: Foco, ativação, confiança e motivação. Para isso foi realizada uma amostra de 327 esportistas de 18 esportes diferentes e com idades entre 11 e 54 anos(M= 18.47 ; DP= 7.1). Os resultados das análises psicométricas mostraram validez e alta fiabilidades obtendo assim um instrumento reduzido a 15 itens e 4 fatores, adequado ao ramo da Psicologia Esportiva
