ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años se ha descrito un incremento de casos de tos ferina, fundamentalmente en lactantes de corta edad. La presentación clínica de esta enfermedad es muy similar a la producida por el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS), lo que dificulta el diagnóstico adecuado. Objetivo Comparar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la infección por Bordetella pertussis y VRS en lactantes ingresados en el hospital. Material y métodos Estudio analítico de casos y controles emparejados durante los años 2008 a 2011. Se incluyeron como casos los niños ingresados con tos ferina confirmada mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en aspirado nasofaríngeo, y como controles pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda por VRS detectados por inmunocromatografía en aspirado nasal y emparejados en función de la edad, el sexo y el periodo de ingreso (1:2). Se compararon variables demográficas, clínicas, analíticas y parámetros de gravedad. Resultados Se incluyeron 78 pacientes (26 casos de tos ferina y 52 controles VRS positivos). Las características sociodemográficas fueron similares en ambos grupos. Los casos tuvieron más días de síntomas previos al ingreso, mayor estancia hospitalaria y mayor frecuencia de ambiente epidémico familiar. Los casos de tos ferina presentaron con mayor frecuencia apneas, cianosis y leucocitosis, con mayor porcentaje de linfocitos, mientras que en las infecciones por VRS la fiebre, los vómitos y el tiraje fueron más frecuentes. No hubo diferencias en el resto de síntomas. CONCLUSIONES: La presentación clínica de la tos ferina en lactantes es similar a la infección por VRS, aunque existen algunas características que pueden ayudar a diferenciar ambos cuadros clínicos
INTRODUCTION: An increase in cases of pertussis, mainly in young infants, has been reported in the last few years. The clinical presentation of this disease is very similar to that produced by respiratory syncytialvirus (RSV), which makes the diagnosis difficult. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics between Bordetella pertussis and RSV infections in infants admitted to hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical matched case-control study was conducted during the period 2008-2011. Cases were defined as infants admitted with pertussis confirmed by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate. Each case was matched by age, sex and date of admission to two controls defined as patients with RSV infection detected by immunochromatography in nasal aspirate. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data were compared. RESULTS: Seventy eight patients (26 cases of pertussis and 52 controls RSV+) were included. Sociodemographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Cases had more days of symptoms prior to admission, longer hospital stays, and increased frequency of epidemic family environment. Apnoea and cyanosis were more frequent. Cases of pertussis were more likely to have apnoea, cyanosis, and lymphocytosis while RSV infections had more frequent fever, vomiting and respiratory distress. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentations of pertussis and RSV infection are similar, but there are some characteristics that can help to distinguish between them
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Bordetella Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Bordetella pertussis/isolation & purification , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/isolation & purification , Case-Control Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Whooping Cough/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: An increase in cases of pertussis, mainly in young infants, has been reported in the last few years. The clinical presentation of this disease is very similar to that produced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which makes the diagnosis difficult. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics between Bordetella pertussis and RSV infections in infants admitted to hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical matched case-control study was conducted during the period 2008-2011. Cases were defined as infants admitted with pertussis confirmed by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate. Each case was matched by age, sex and date of admission to two controls defined as patients with RSV infection detected by immunochromatography in nasal aspirate. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data were compared. RESULTS: Seventy eight patients (26 cases of pertussis and 52 controls RSV+) were included. Sociodemographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Cases had more days of symptoms prior to admission, longer hospital stays, and increased frequency of epidemic family environment. Apnoea and cyanosis were more frequent. Cases of pertussis were more likely to have apnoea, cyanosis, and lymphocytosis while RSV infections had more frequent fever, vomiting and respiratory distress. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentations of pertussis and RSV infection are similar, but there are some characteristics that can help to distinguish between them.
