ABSTRACT
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar elementos de reflexión y análisis de la realidad desde el inicio de la Atención Primaria de salud en 1978, centrándose en la Comunitat Valenciana. Se destaca la influencia de las políticas sanitarias en todos los aspectos referenciados, que afecta directamente al pleno desarrollo de la Atención Primaria (AP) desde la integración de la asistencia, la implicación de las direcciones sanitarias, el desarrollo de la formación universitaria de Enfermería y la Especialidad de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (EEFyC), la cobertura de plazas en AP, el aumento de técnicas derivadas del hospital a la AP, hasta las dificultades para implicar a la enfermería de AP en actividades comunitarias. A su vez, presentamos proyectos que se están llevando a cabo con la ciudadanía con un liderazgo de enfermeras comunitarias (EC) y con el apoyo institucional. La enfermería comunitaria actualmente es una parte minúscula de nuestra realidad; sigue siendo un mito
This article aims to present elements of reflection and analysis of the reality since the beginning of primary health care in 1978. This essay will focus on the Valencia Community. The influence of the health policies in all the referenced aspects is highlighted, as it which directly affects the full development of Primary Care (PC), from the integration of care, the involvement of the health directorates, the development of nursing university training and the Specialty of Family and Community Nursing (SFCN), the coverage of places in primary care, the increase in techniques derived from the hospital to the PC, to the difficulties in implicating the PC nursing in community activities. We also present projects that are being conducted in the citizenship by a clear leadership of nurses and with institutional support. Community nursing is currently a tiny part of our reality; it is still a myth
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Community Health Nursing , Community Participation , Primary Health Care , Public Health , Leadership , Community Health Nursing/organization & administration , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Participation is a process that requires the involvement of the policy makers, managers, technicians and staff of the institutions, and of citizens, as well as intersectoral and interdisciplinary action. To generate transformative changes, an infrastructure that encourages participation and planned action is required, and that recognises all the actors in the process. It takes time and commitment to ensure continuity through the joint production of actions, hence the importance of consolidating participatory projects that continue beyond political changes making public services sustainable. Training, the appropriate use of participation tools and a horizontal policy of delegated power are essential to ensure participation. Surveys, sociograms, flowcharts, health assets mapping, participatory budgets and participatory evaluation matrices are some of the tools that can be chosen, depending on the type of subjects addressed, the time and resources available, the characteristics of the participating population and territory, as well as determining the use that will be made of the information generated for the next phase. Participation tools are useful for citizens and professionals to analyze, understand, debate and decide collectively how to improve living conditions and environments. Over the past decade, social networks in the virtual environment have generated new trends in mass participation, which are self-managed by citizens.
Subject(s)
Community Participation/methods , Humans , Models, Organizational , Research Report , Societies, Medical , SpainABSTRACT
La participación es un proceso que requiere la implicación de responsables de la política, del personal directivo y técnico de las instituciones, y de la ciudadanía, así como de la acción intersectorial e interdisciplinaria. Para generar cambios transformadores es necesaria una infraestructura que favorezca la participación y la acción planificada, reconociendo a todos los actores del proceso. Se precisan tiempo y compromiso para su continuidad a través de la producción conjunta de acciones, y de ahí la importancia de consolidar proyectos participativos que continúen más allá de los cambios políticos para que los servicios públicos sean sostenibles. La formación, el uso adecuado de las herramientas de participación y una política horizontal de poder delegado son imprescindibles para el desarrollo de la participación. Herramientas como sondeos, sociogramas, flujogramas, mapeos de activos para la salud, presupuestos participativos o matrices de evaluación participativa son algunas de las que pueden elegirse, en función del tipo de materias abordadas, el tiempo y los recursos disponibles, las características de la población participante y del territorio, así como del uso que se va a hacer de la información generada para la siguiente fase. Las herramientas de participación son útiles para que la ciudadanía profesionales analicen, comprendan, debatan y decidan colectivamente con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida y los entornos. En la última década, las redes sociales en el entorno virtual han generado nuevas tendencias de participación masiva y autogestionada por la ciudadanía
Participation is a process that requires the involvement of the policy makers, managers, technicians and staff of the institutions, and of citizens, as well as intersectoral and interdisciplinary action. To generate transformative changes, an infrastructure that encourages participation and planned action is required, and that recognises all the actors in the process. It takes time and commitment to ensure continuity through the joint production of actions, hence the importance of consolidating participatory projects that continue beyond political changes making public services sustainable. Training, the appropriate use of participation tools and a horizontal policy of delegated power are essential to ensure participation. Surveys, sociograms, flowcharts, health assets mapping, participatory budgets and participatory evaluation matrices are some of the tools that can be chosen, depending on the type of subjects addressed, the time and resources available, the characteristics of the participating population and territory, as well as determining the use that will be made of the information generated for the next phase. Participation tools are useful for citizens and professionals to analyze, understand, debate and decide collectively how to improve living conditions and environments. Over the past decade, social networks in the virtual environment have generated new trends in mass participation, which are self-managed by citizens
