ABSTRACT
Petunia hybrida W115 was transformed with a Clarkia breweri S-linalool synthase cDNA (lis). Lis was expressed in all tissues analysed, and linalool was detected in leaves, sepals, corolla, stem and ovary, but not in nectaries, roots, pollen and style. However, the S-linalool produced by the plant in the various tissues is not present as free linalool, but was efficiently converted to non-volatile S-linalyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside by the action of endogenous glucosyltransferase. The results presented demonstrate that monoterpene production can be altered by genetic modification, and that the compounds produced can be converted by endogenous enzymatic activity.
Subject(s)
Glucosides/metabolism , Monoterpenes , Rosales/enzymology , Terpenes/metabolism , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Chromatography, Liquid , DNA, Complementary , Hydro-Lyases/genetics , Hydro-Lyases/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Leaves/enzymology , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Rosales/genetics , Rosales/metabolismABSTRACT
Auditory discrimination abilities of children with and without attention deficits were investigated to measure the variability due to different response modes (verbal [NU-6] and picture pointing [GFW]) and competing messages (GFW). Results showed no differences between response modes in quiet, but significant differences in noise between groups with children having ADD showing poorer speech discrimination. Additionally, differential effects between types of competing messages for the same task were not found in the ADD group. These results are discussed in relation to the clinical use of these tests, the relationships seen between results, and implications for educational management.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention , Auditory Perception/physiology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Noise/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Twenty-eight children identified with attention deficits and a comparison group of children without ADD were asked to judge the loudness of speech as comfortable (MCL) or tolerable (TL). Results indicated that children with attention deficits required a softer level to make both of these loudness judgements. Children with ADD had statistically significant differences in their choices of comfort levels (MCL = 51 dBHL) and choices of tolerance levels (TL = 95 dBHL) from their peers without ADD (MCL = 59 dBHL, TL = 100 dBHL). These findings are viewed in relation to perceptual differences between children with and without ADD. Additionally, implications for classroom management are discussed.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Loudness Perception/physiology , Auditory Threshold , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Noise/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The principles of research library building planning established in the late 1940s emphasized flexibility of design; interspersal of books and readers; collaboration between librarians and architects; and an increased role for the library in education. Planning a medical research library in today's electronic environment requires attention to these principles as well as dealing with new and emerging technologies; economic constrains; new modes of scholarly research and communication; and the convergence of library science and information services on the campus. The social role of the library and the celebration of the book are factors common to both generations.
Subject(s)
Facility Design and Construction/trends , Information Services/trends , Libraries/trends , Architecture , Automation , Forecasting , History, 20th Century , Information Services/organization & administration , Libraries/history , Libraries/organization & administration , Libraries, Medical/history , Libraries, Medical/organization & administration , Libraries, Medical/trends , Research , United StatesSubject(s)
Ear, Middle , Mass Screening/methods , Child , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
Ten normal-hearing young adult subjects measured their Comfortable Loudness Ranges (CLRs) using two instructional sets. The first instructional set (range tracking) was similar to the Bekesy Comfortable Loudness tracking method described by Jerger and Jerger (1974). The second instructional set (limit tracking) required the subjects to perform separate trackings of each limit (upper and lower) of their CLRs. Results demonstrated a 34.4 dB difference between CLRs for the two instructional sets. The range tracking method yielded the narrowest CLR. Both instructional sets yielded similar upper limits of the CLR. The results of the present investigation demonstrate the importance of instructions employed in research and clinical measurements of the CLR.
