ABSTRACT
Gluten proteins contribute to the rheological properties of dough. Mass spectrometric techniques help to understand the contribution of these proteins to the quality of the end product. This work aimed to apply modern proteomic techniques to characterize and provide a better understanding of gluten proteins in wheat flours of different technological qualities. Nine Brazilian wheat flours (Triticum aestivum) classified by rheological gluten force were used to extract the proteins. Extracts were pooled together by technological qualities in low (LW), medium (MD), and superior (SP). Peptides were analyzed by nanoUPLC and mass spectrometry multiplex method (MSE). Collectively, 3545 peptides and 1297 proteins were identified, and 116 proteins were found differentially abundant. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) were found up-regulated only in SP samples. Proteins related to wheat grain hardness, such as puroindoline-A, were found in significant concentration in LW samples. After domain prediction, LW presented a different pattern with a lower abundance of functional domains, and SP presented chaperones, known to be involved in adequate folding of the storage proteins. NanoUPLC-MSE was efficient in analyzing and distinguishing the proteomic pattern of wheat flours from different qualities, pointing out the differentially abundant gluten proteins and providing a better understanding of wheat flour quality. SIGNIFICANCE: Common wheat is one of the most important staple food sources in the world. The improvement and comprehension of wheat quality has been a major objective of plant breeders and cereal chemists. Our findings highlighted the application of a modern proteomic approach to obtain a better understanding of the impact of gluten proteins on the technological quality of different wheat flours. The obtained data revealed different abundances of wheat quality-related proteins in superior quality flours when compared with samples of low rheological properties. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis clearly distinguished the flours of different qualities. This work contributes to the consolidation of research in the field of wheat technological quality.
Subject(s)
Flour , Triticum , Brazil , Bread , Glutens , ProteomicsABSTRACT
Unconventional parts of vegetables represent a rich source of health-promoting phytochemicals. The phenolic profile of cabbage-stalk flour (CSF), pineapple-crown flour (PCF), and their essential oils were characterized via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE and GC-FID/MS. Antimicrobial activity was tested against five strains, and antioxidant activities were determined in free and bound extracts. Globally, 177 phenolics were tentatively identified in PCF (major p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and 56 in CSF (major chlorogenicacid, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and p-coumaric acid). PCF exhibited a distinguished profile (lignans, stilbenes) and antioxidant capacity, especially in bound extracts (1.3 g GAE.100 g-1; 0.6 g catechin eq.100 g-1; DPPH: 244.7; ABTS: 467.8; FRAP: 762.6 µg TE.g-1, ORAC: 40.9 mg TE.g-1). The main classes of volatile compounds were fatty acids, their esters, and terpenes in CSF (30) and PCF (41). A comprehensive metabolomic approach revealed CSF and PCF as a promising source of PC, showing great antioxidant and discrete antimicrobial activities.
Subject(s)
Ananas/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Antioxidants/chemistry , Brassica/chemistry , Flour/analysis , Phenols/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry , Ananas/metabolism , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Brassica/metabolism , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Discriminant Analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Principal Component Analysis , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The impact of weight on quality of life (IWQOL-Lite) is a self-administered instrument that assesses quality of life in obesity. It is composed of 31 items and five domains (physical function, self-esteem, sexual life, public distress, and work). The aim of the present study was to evaluate reliability (test-retest), internal structure, construct validity and discriminant validity. METHODS: IWQOL-Lite scores were obtained from 89 people in a Weight Watchers institution (clinical sample) and 156 community volunteers (community sample). The participants were selected based on the same criteria: gender (female) and age (> 24 years), except for BMI. The community sample also completed the SF-36, a generic measure of health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The Brazilian IWQOL-Lite demonstrated good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, discriminative validity and convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The IWQOL-Lite is the first specific instrument validated in Brazil for assessing quality of life in obesity. The results reveal that IWQOL-Lite is an instrument with good psychometric properties. Nevertheless, in some cases results were dissimilar to those reported in earlier studies using the original American English.
Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Obesity/psychology , Psychometrics/standards , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Status , Humans , Middle Aged , Patient Selection , Reproducibility of Results , Self ConceptABSTRACT
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