Prevotella strains and lactamic resistance gene distribution in different oral environments of children with pulp necrosis.

AIM: To determine the presence of Prevotella species, the cfxA/cfxA2, blaZ and blaTEM genes associated with resistance to lactamic agents in different oral niches of children with pulp necrosis. METHODOLOGY: Children with pulp necrosis in primary teeth had samples of saliva, supragingival, pulp chamber and root canal biofilms collected and tested for Prevotella species (P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. tannerae) and for beta-lactam resistance genes (cfxA/cfxA2, blaZ and blaTEM). The presence of bacterial DNA was examined through PCR, with a specific primer directed to the 16S rRNA gene. Specific primers were used to detect the Prevotella species and beta-lactam resistance genes. The chi-square test was used to analyse associations between the presence of bacteria and clinical variables. The Cochran's Q test was used to assess whether the proportion of gene detection is the same between different sites. RESULTS: Thirty-two teeth were sampled from 27 patients with a mean age of 5.5 years (±1.76). The total detection rate of Prevotella strains was 29.1%, 25%, 21.8% and 32.29% in saliva, supragingival, pulp chamber and root canal samples, respectively. P. nigrescens was the most commonly detected species in all oral niches. The previous use of antibiotics was associated with detection of P. nigrescens in saliva (P = 0.03). Pain was associated with the presence of P. nigrescens (P = 0.04) and P. tannerae (P = 0.01) in pulp chamber biofilm. blaTEM was detected in the four oral niches, being more frequent (23.8%) in supragingival biofilm (Cochran's Q test, P = 0.04). The presence of P. intermedia in SB and PC was associated with the detection of blaTEM in saliva (P = 0.04). The cfxA/cfxA2 and blaZ genes were not detected in any of the four oral niches. CONCLUSIONS: The oral cavity of children with pulp necrosis had a variable distribution of Prevotella strains in different niches. Saliva, supragingival biofilm, pulp chamber and root canals of primary teeth with necrotic pulps can harbour resistance genes to beta-lactams agents.

Color stability and lipid oxidation of broiler breast meat from animals raised on organic versus non-organic production systems.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of organic and non-organic production systems on color stability and lipid oxidation of broiler meat Pectoralis major (PM) stored under refrigeration (4°C) for 9 days. PM samples from organic (ORG) and non-organic (NORG) production systems were compared based on physicochemical analyses (instrumental color, myoglobin concentration, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), pH, and lipid oxidation) performed in 4 different trials (n = 4). In general, NORG broilers demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) b* and lipid oxidation values than ORG, whereas ORG samples exhibited increased (P < 0.05) MRA, ratio of reflectance at 630 per 580 nanometers (R 630/580), and a* values. The lower color stability observed in NORG samples can be partly due to lipid oxidation. Therefore, the production system can affect color and lipid stability of broiler breast meat during storage.

An historical perspective on how advances in microscopic imaging contributed to understanding the Leishmania Spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi host-parasite relationship.

The literature has identified complex aspects of intracellular host-parasite relationships, which require systematic, nonreductionist approaches and spatial/temporal information. Increasing and integrating temporal and spatial dimensions in host cell imaging have contributed to elucidating several conceptual gaps in the biology of intracellular parasites. To access and investigate complex and emergent dynamic events, it is mandatory to follow them in the context of living cells and organs, constructing scientific images with integrated high quality spatiotemporal data. This review discusses examples of how advances in microscopy have challenged established conceptual models of the intracellular life cycles of Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan parasites.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the color and texture parameters of refrigerated Caiman (Caiman crocodilus yacare) tail meat.

The effect of applying high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the instrumental parameters of color and texture and sensory characteristics of alligator meat were evaluated. Samples of alligator tail meat were sliced, vacuum-packed, pressurized and distributed into four groups: control, treated with 200 MPa/10 min, 300 MPa/10 min and 400 MPa/10 min, then stored at 4°C±1°C for 45 days. Instrumental color, texture profile and a sensory profiling using quantitative descriptive analysis were carried out on the 1st, 15th, 30th and 45th days of storage. HHP was shown to affect the color and texture of the product, and the sensory descriptors (p<0.05). The results suggest that high pressure is a promising technology for the processing of alligator meat, especially low pressures (200 MPa) which can have positive effects on the quality of the product.

Craniomandibular osteopathy in english bulldog case report / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês relato de caso

A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor.(AU)

Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling, and intermittent fever as well. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. The treatment is based on pain control.(AU)

CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY IN ENGLISH BULLDOG - CASE REPORT. / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês - Relato de caso.

 A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor. SUMMARY   Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling

Craniomandibular osteopathy in english bulldog case report / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês relato de caso

A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor.

Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling, and intermittent fever as well. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. The treatment is based on pain control.

CRANIOMANDIBULAR OSTEOPATHY IN ENGLISH BULLDOG - CASE REPORT. / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês - Relato de caso

 A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor. SUMMARY   Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling

Emotional distress in disaster victims. A follow-up study.

One hundred thirteen adult victims of a major Latin American disaster were screened for emotional distress 1 and 5 years after the catastrophe. We used the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to identify emotionally distressed victims. Results indicate that the prevalence of emotional distress decreased from 65% in 1986 to 31% in 1990. However, a comparison of the symptomatology on these two assessments indicates a similarity in the frequency and profiles of symptoms among the distressed. Also, the most frequent symptoms and the strongest predictors of emotional distress were essentially the same. These findings provide empirical support to the clinically observed course of emotional symptomatology of disaster victims and to the focused training of health workers on selected emotional problems that are consistently present over time.

[Psychiatric disorders among victims of disasters in Ecuador]. / Trastornos psiquiátricos en víctimas de desastres en el Ecuador.

Previous studies in developing countries have demonstrated post-disaster stress disorders in a substantial share of the people living through a natural calamity, but questions have remained as to the severity of these mental health problems. This article reports information derived from a 1987 study of Ecuadorian earthquake victims that shows many of the victims had diagnosable psychiatric disorders and provides insight into the nature of those disorders.

José Arana o la armonía entre el ser y el quehacer: evocaciones y comentarios. / Jose arana or the armony between the being and the ocupation: evocations and comentaries

Luego de reminiscencias personales en torno a la vida, obra y personalidad de José Arana, se efectúa un análisis crítico muy preliminar de su obra psiquiátrica social y transcultural. Cuatro renglones esenciales de la obra araniana son el establecimiento de claros vínculos entre ideología y realidad, el planteamiento de importantes interrogantes heurísticas, la propuesta de soluciones pragmáticas a problemas específicos y la presentación de ideas originales. Se concluye que Arana se constituyó en un pensador psiquiátrico y un humanista de la más alta calidad, y que su obra refleja el influjo de factores individuales, generacionales e histórico-personales, base de una coherencia esencial

Psychiatric disorders among emotionally distressed disaster victims attending primary mental health clinics in Ecuador.

Previous studies in developing countries have demonstrated post-disaster stress disorders in a substantial share of the people living through a natural calamity, but questions have remained as to the severity of these mental health problems. This article reports information derived from a 1987 study of Ecuadorian earthquake victims that shows many of the victims had diagnosable psychiatric disorders and provides insight into the nature of those disorders.

Psychiatric disorders among poor victims following a major disaster: Armero, Colombia.

We evaluated 102 adult victims of low socioeconomic status living in tent camps 8 months following the Armero disaster in Colombia to ascertain the level of psychiatric morbidity. Ninety-one percent of the subjects identified by the screening instrument as being emotionally distressed met DSM-III criteria for a psychiatric disorder. The most frequent diagnoses were posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. These findings indicate that a simple screening instrument can be reliably used for the detection of significant emotional problems among disaster victims. They also show that these victims are not merely distressed; rather, they present clear and treatable psychiatric disorders that center on anxiety and depression. Interventions for their adequate management need to be designed, implemented, and evaluated. In a developing country, however, the high prevalence of mental disorders among disaster victims far exceeds the specialized mental health resources. The general health sector, particularly the primary level of care, must participate actively in the delivery of mental health services to meet this need, particularly for a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. The narrow range of psychiatric disorders detected among the disaster victims makes it possible to circumscribe the training of the primary care worker in disaster mental health to these priority conditions.

[Mental health for all in Latin America and the Caribbean. Epidemiologic bases for action]. / Salud mental para todos en América Latina y el Caribe. Bases epidemiológicas para la acción.

The aim of this study was to estimate the needs for mental health services in Latin America and the Caribbean by the year 2000. Two types of data were used: statistics on mortality due to psychosocial and psychopathological causes, and data on psychiatric morbidity which were extrapolated from a study on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. As a result of a rise in the prevalence of certain psychiatric disorders that lead to death, particularly those that involve violence, it is predicted that gross mortality from these causes will increase by 11.2% between 1985 and the year 2000. Parallel to this trend will be an increase in the number of years of potential life lost. In addition, it is estimated that 88.3 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean will suffer specific psychiatric disorders. This figure represents an increase of 48.1% over 1985. There will also be a rise in the gross prevalence figures for this group of disorders. There is no question that the predicted population growth differential will have a serious impact on the demand for mental health services. The worsening of socioeconomic conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean, coupled with other social factors, may cause the increases to be even greater. Health authorities, administrators, planners, and professionals will need to allow for this increased demand for services if the goal of mental health for all is to be attained by the year 2000.

Disaster severity and emotional disturbance: implications for primary mental health care in developing countries.

Two months following the 1987 earthquakes in Ecuador, 150 patients in the primary health care clinics of the area were screened for emotional problems; 40% of them were emotionally distressed. Risk factors included not being married, reporting poor physical or emotional health, and having ill-defined physical complaints. The findings from this research are discussed in relation to a disaster of much greater intensity, whose victims were studied by the authors, utilizing the same instrument and research design. The comparison between these 2 groups of disaster victims revealed that: 1) the prevalence of emotional distress was smaller among the Ecuador victims, but the frequency of symptoms among the distressed was similar for both groups; 2) the symptom profiles were remarkably similar; and 3) the most frequent symptoms and the strongest predictors of emotional distress were very similar. These findings support a focused training of health care workers on selected emotional problems that are regularly present among victims of different disasters.

[Primary mental health care for the victims of the disaster in Armero, Colombia]. / La atención primaria de salud mental en las víctimas del desastre de Armero, Colombia.

Seven to eight months after the disastrous volcanic mudslide that destroyed the town of Armero, Colombia, 200 victims were screened up by means of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) for emotional disorders identification. In order to assess disorders' specific nature, a 104-victim subsample was interviewed by psychiatrists. The most frequent diagnosis ranged among (a) Post-traumatic stress syndrome, (b) Depressión, and (c) Generalized anxiety disorder. Our findings help us to point out that (1) In a developing country a higher prevalence of well-defined emotional disorders among victims of any first-magnitude disaster is to be detected at such a level it can safely be said a real epidemic is to be tackled with, (2) Basically, the identified symptomatology confines itself to anxiety-depression disorders, (3) SRQ is indeed an apt instrument for disasters victims screening, and (4) Mental health specialized resources proved to be insufficient for an adequate coverage of the needs of the affected communities to be performed. As far as mental health is concerned, if the necessary services are to be offered so that all aspects involved are taken care of, it is imperative that victims be attended to by primary care workers. So far, mental health primary care area is still lacking a systematical research within a disaster situation framework. We understand that our paper may serve as an initial orientation for this care strategy being duly implemented and furthered up.

A colheita de dados e seu papel no planejamento e avaliacao

A identificacao e o registro de dados relacionados com problemas de Saude Mental nestas ultimas duas decadas mostrou que Saude Mental e um componente essencial da Saude que nao pode ser desconsiderado no planejamento dos cuidados de Saude Mental a qualquer nivel. Este trabalho trata da nessecidade de colher dados sobre as caracteristicas gerais da populacao, o numero e o tipo de servicos e profissionais da saude, a populacao que comparece aos servicos e a populacao em geral. Os autores chamam atencao sobre aspectos psicossociais especiais que marcam a apresentacao de problemas de saude mental em populacoes. Na colheita de dados os autores anfatizam o uso de registros ja exitentes, o levantamento de grupos populacionais com instrumentos especialemente preparados e o uso de informantes-chave. O registro adeguado dos dados esta relacionado com a qualidade dos cuidados dispensados, com a interacao dos usuarios com a equipe e entre os servicos de saude e os servicos sociais, com a definicao de prioridades, com o desenho de programas e acoes, bem como com a avaliacao

La atención primaria de salud mental en las víctimas del desastre de Armero, Colombia. / [Primary mental health care for the victims of the disaster in Armero, Colombia]

Seven to eight months after the disastrous volcanic mudslide that destroyed the town of Armero, Colombia, 200 victims were screened up by means of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) for emotional disorders identification. In order to assess disorders specific nature, a 104-victim subsample was interviewed by psychiatrists. The most frequent diagnosis ranged among (a) Post-traumatic stress syndrome, (b) Depressión, and (c) Generalized anxiety disorder. Our findings help us to point out that (1) In a developing country a higher prevalence of well-defined emotional disorders among victims of any first-magnitude disaster is to be detected at such a level it can safely be said a real epidemic is to be tackled with, (2) Basically, the identified symptomatology confines itself to anxiety-depression disorders, (3) SRQ is indeed an apt instrument for disasters victims screening, and (4) Mental health specialized resources proved to be insufficient for an adequate coverage of the needs of the affected communities to be performed. As far as mental health is concerned, if the necessary services are to be offered so that all aspects involved are taken care of, it is imperative that victims be attended to by primary care workers. So far, mental health primary care area is still lacking a systematical research within a disaster situation framework. We understand that our paper may serve as an initial orientation for this care strategy being duly implemented and furthered up.

Screening for the psychological consequences of a major disaster in a developing country: Armero, Colombia.

Seven months following the volcanic eruption that destroyed the small town of Armero, 200 victims were screened for emotional problems with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, a simple and reliable instrument. Fifty-five percent of the victims were found to be emotionally distressed. Variables associated with the presence of emotional distress included living alone, having lost previous job, feeling not being helped, not knowing date for leaving temporary shelter, being dissatisfied with living arrangements, complaining of non-specific physical symptoms or epigastric pain, and presenting several physical problems. The high prevalence of emotional distress supports the need to deliver mental care to disaster victims in developing countries through the primary level of care. Our findings provide guidelines for early detection of individuals at risk for developing emotional problems.