Mitochondrial RNA modification-based signature to predict prognosis of lower grade glioma: a multi-omics exploration and verification study.

Mitochondrial RNA modification (MRM) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of key mitochondrial genes and promoting tumor metastasis. Despite its significance, comprehensive studies on MRM in lower grade gliomas (LGGs) remain unknown. Single-cell RNA-seq data (GSE89567) was used to evaluate the distribution functional status, and correlation of MRM-related genes in different cell types of LGG microenvironment. We developed an MRM scoring system by selecting potential MRM-related genes using LASSO regression analysis and the Random Survival Forest algorithm, based on multiple bulk RNA-seq datasets from TCGA, CGGA, GSE16011, and E-MTAB-3892. Analysis was performed on prognostic and immunological features, signaling pathways, metabolism, somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), treatment responses, and forecasting of potential small-molecule agents. A total of 35 MRM-related genes were selected from the literature. Differential expression analysis of 1120 normal brain tissues and 529 LGGs revealed that 22 and 10 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Most genes were associated with prognosis of LGG. METLL8, METLL2A, TRMT112, and METTL2B were extensively expressed in all cell types and different cell cycle of each cell type. Almost all cell types had clusters related to mitochondrial RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, or oxidative phosphorylation. Cell-cell communication and Pearson correlation analyses indicated that MRM may promoting the development of microenvironment beneficial to malignant progression via modulating NCMA signaling pathway and ICP expression. A total of 11 and 9 MRM-related genes were observed by LASSO and the RSF algorithm, respectively, and finally 6 MRM-related genes were used to establish MRM scoring system (TRMT2B, TRMT11, METTL6, METTL8, TRMT6, and TRUB2). The six MRM-related genes were then validated by qPCR in glioma and normal tissues. MRM score can predict the malignant clinical characteristics, abundance of immune infiltration, gene variation, clinical outcome, the enrichment of signaling pathways and metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing METTL8 significantly curbs glioma cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis. Patients with a high MRM score showed a better response to immunotherapies and small-molecule agents such as arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, MS.275, AH.6809, tacrolimus, and TTNPB. These novel insights into the biological impacts of MRM within the glioma microenvironment underscore its potential as a target for developing precise therapies, including immunotherapeutic approaches.

Advances in the antitumor mechanisms of tripartite motif-containing protein 3.

The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family has steadily become a hotspot in tumor-related research. As a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, TRIM is working on many crucial biological processes, including the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Among the diverse TRIM superfamily members, TRIM3 operates via different mechanisms in various types of tumors. This review primarily focuses on the current state of research regarding the antitumor mechanisms of TRIM3 in different cancers. A more in-depth study of TRIM3 may provide new directions for future antitumor treatments. Our review focuses on TRIM3 proteins and cancer. We searched for relevant articles on the mechanisms by which TRIM3 affects tumorigenesis and development from 1997 to 2023 and summarized the latest progress and future directions. Triad-containing motif protein 3 (TRIM3) is an important protein, which plays a key role in the process of tumorigenesis and development. The comprehensive exploration of TRIM3 is anticipated to pave the way for future advancements in antitumor therapy, which is expected to be a new hallmark for cancer detection and a novel target for drug action. TRIM3 is poised to become a significant milestone in cancer detection and a promising focal point for drug intervention. Recent years have witnessed notable progress in research aimed at unraveling the antitumor mechanism of TRIM3, with far-reaching implications for practical tumor diagnosis, treatment protocols, efficacy evaluation, economics, and pharmaceutical utilization.

TPPP3 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snail1 in glioblastoma.

Tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3), a member of the tubulin polymerization family, participates in cell progressions in several human cancers, its biological function and the underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role and application value of TPPP3 in gliomas and found that the expression of TPPP3 in glioma was higher than that in normal brain tissue (NBT), and increased with the grade of glioma. Up-regulation of TPPP3 expression in glioblastoma cells confer stronger ability of migration, invasion, proliferation and lower apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of TPPP3 expression in GBM could reduce the migration, invasion, proliferation and induce the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. TPPP3 affected the process of EMT by regulating the expression of Snail 1 protein. In clinical data analysis, we found a positive correlation between TPPP3 and Snail1 protein expression levels in glioblastomas. Low TPPP3 expression leads to better survival expectations in glioblastomas patients. The content of this study paves the way for further in-depth exploration of the role of TPPP3 in glioblastoma in the future, and provides new treatment and research directions.

GOLPH3 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry via the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma Cells.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in glioblastoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Glioma tissues from 40 glioma patients with different pathological grades were collected. GOLPH3 and VM were evaluated by immunostaining in glioma tissues. Then, the correlation between GOLPH3 and VM were analyzed clinically. Additionally, a GOLPH3-downregulation lentivirus was constructed and transfected into the human primary glioblastoma cell line, U-87 MG. Afterwards, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed to determine the effects of downregulation GOLPH3. Then, E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) were detected for assessment of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS: GOLPH3 and VM were found to be positively correlated following clinical analysis (p < 0.01, r=0.788). Furthermore, GOLPH3 downregulation suppressed the migration and invasion of U87 MG cells (p < 0.05), followed by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of MMP2. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results demonstrate that GOLPH3 promoted VM in glioblastoma cells and that the corresponding mechanism was associated with the EMT. Our finding suggests that GOLPH3 may represent a promising therapeutic target for mitigating the recurrence and invasion of gliomas.

Circular RNA circPOSTN promotes neovascularization by regulating miR-219a-2-3p/STC1 axis and stimulating the secretion of VEGFA in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant type of astrocytic tumor, is one of the deadliest cancers prevalent in adults. Along with tumor growth, patients with GBM generally suffer from extensive cerebral edema and apparent symptoms of intracranial hyper-pressure. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circRNA plays a critically important role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the biological function and the underlying mechanism of circRNA in GBM remain elusive. In this study, by conducting gene expression detection based on 15 pairs of GBM clinical specimens and the normal adjunct tissues, we observed that circPOSTN showed abnormally higher expression in GBM. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function biological experiments demonstrated that circPOSTN scheduled the proliferation, migration, and neovascularization abilities of GBM cells. Further, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and subcellular separation suggested that circPOSTN was predominately localized in the cytoplasm and may serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). CircRNA-miRNA interaction prediction based on online analytical processing, AGO2-RIP assay, biotin labeled RNA pulldown assay, and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that circPOSTN sponged miR-219a-2-3p, limited its biological function, and ultimately upregulated their common downstream gene STC1. Finally, by carrying out in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we uncovered a new regulatory axis circPOSTN/miR-219a-2-3p/STC1 that promoted GBM neovascularization by increasing vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion. Our study underscores the critical role of circPOSTN in GBM progression, providing a novel insight into GBM anti-tumor therapy.

Dickkopf-related protein 1/cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 signaling activation by Helicobacter pylori-induced activator protein-1 promotes gastric tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates globally, especially in East Asian countries. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a significant and independent risk factor for GC. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Dickkopf-related protein (DKK) 1 is a Wnt signaling antagonist, and cytoskeleton-associated protein (CKAP) 4 is a newly identified DKK1 receptor. Recent studies found that the binding of DKK1 to CAKP4 mediated the procancer signaling of DKK1 inde-pendent of Wnt signaling. We hypothesize that H. pylori-induced activation of DKK1/CKAP4 signaling contributes to the initiation and progression of GC. AIM: To investigate the interaction of H. pylori infection, DKK1 and CAKP4 in GC, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H. pylori-infected and uninfected primary GC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to verify the H. pylori-induced upregulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in GC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to determine the binding of AP-1 to the DKK1 promoter and DKK1 to CKAP4. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of DKK1, CKAP4, and phos-phatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway-related proteins in GC cells and tissues. Functional experiments and tumorigenicity in nude mice detected malignant behavior of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: We identified 32 DEGs between primary GC cells with and without H. pylori infection, including JUN, fos-like antigen-1 (FOSL1), and DKK1, and confirmed that the three proteins and CKAP4 were highly expressed in H. pylori-infected GC cells, H. pylori-infected gerbil gastric tissues, and human GC tissues. JUN and FOSL1 form AP-1 to transcriptionally activate DKK1 expression by binding to the DKK1 promoter. Activated DKK1 bound to CKAP4, but not the most common Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, to promote GC cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. All these effects were driven by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Targeting the PI3K signaling pathway by LY294002 inhibited DKK1-mediated CKAP4/PI3K signaling activity and the malignant behavior of GC cells. CONCLUSION: H. pylori induces JUN and FOSL1 expression to form AP-1, which transcriptionally activates DKK1. Binding of DKK1 to KAKP4 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Four specific biomarkers associated with the progression of glioblastoma multiforme in older adults identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy in adults. Owing to individual tolerance and tumor heterogeneity, the therapy methods for young adults do not apply to older adults. The present study aimed to identify specific biomarkers for GBM in older adults using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene expression profiles of older adults with GBM were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and set as a discovery cohort to construct WGCNA. Core genes of clinically significant modules were used to perform functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and Pearson correlation analyses. Gene expression profiles of young in TCGA and older GBM patients from our research group were set as verification cohorts for hub gene expression and diagnostic value. Four significant gene modules associated clinically with older adults with GBM were identified, whereas 251 genes were core genes with module membership>0.8 and gene significance>0.2. Ermin (ERMN), myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP), proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), and oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (OPALIN) genes had significant relationships with the Karnofsky score (KPS) in older GBM patients. ERMN, MOBP, PLP1, and OPALIN had no relationship with KPS in young GBM patients. These genes were upregulated in GBM tissues from older patients with low but not high KPS and had high diagnostic value. In conclusion, ERMN, MOBP, PLP1, and OPALIN may serve as specific biomarkers for the progression of GBM in older adults.

Gastrin-17 induces gastric cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, with most patients often succumbing to death as a result of tumor metastasis. Recent work has demonstrated that gastrin is closely associated with GC metastasis. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be unveiled. In this study, we assessed the impact of gastrin and the Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitor XAV939 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the SGC-7901 and MKN45 GC cell lines, and we determined that gastrin-17 significantly decreased E-cadherin expression and upregulated the expression of Snail1 and N-cadherin in GC cells. In addition, gastrin 17 also significantly increased the expression of Wnt3α in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these results, gastrin-17 promoted GC cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in a dose-dependent fashion, and these effects were inhibited by XAV939. Together, these results indicated that gastrin-17 induced GC cell EMT, migration, and invasion via the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, which suggests that this gastrin/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling axis may represent a therapeutic target for the prevention of GC metastasis.

Paclitaxel inhibits the migration of CD133+ U251 malignant glioma cells by reducing the expression of glycolytic enzymes.

Energy metabolic reprogramming (EMR) allows for the rearrangement of a series of metabolic genes and proteins when tumor cells adapt to their microenvironment. EMR is characterized by changes in the metabolic pattern and metabolic intermediates to meet the needs of tumor cells for their malignant proliferation and infiltrative growth. The present study investigated the role of low-dose paclitaxel (PTX) in changing the expression levels of key genes and proteins during glycolysis in CD133+ U251 glioma cells and explored the relevant regulatory mechanisms of action at the molecular level. CD133 immunomagnetic beads were applied to malignant CD133+ U251 glioma cells, which were then divided into a negative control and an experimental group treated with 1, 2, 4 or 8 µM PTX for 72 h. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure U251 cell proliferation. RNA and protein were extracted from the malignant glioma cells in all groups to observe changes in the expression levels of key glycolytic enzymes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), pyruvate kinase M (PKM) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays. Transwell migration assays were performed to quantify the effects of PTX solution on U251 cells. CD133+ U251 glioma cells were isolated successfully. CD1133+ cells had a higher rate of proliferation compared with CD1133- cells. In CD1133+ cells treated with PTX, a dose-dependent reduction in the expression levels of the key glycolytic enzymes GLUT1, PKM and LDHA was observed at both the mRNA and protein levels. PTX solution also inhibited cell migration. Differences between the control and experimental groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Since glycolysis plays an indispensable role in the proliferation and migration of stem cell-like glioma cells, PTX may inhibit tumor cell growth by downregulating the gene and protein expression levels of glycolytic enzymes in CD133+ glioma cells.

CircPOSTN/miR-361-5p/TPX2 axis regulates cell growth, apoptosis and aerobic glycolysis in glioma cells.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most primary central nervous system tumor in adults. The 5 year survival rate for glioma patients remains poor, although treatment strategies had improved in the past few decades. The cumulative studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) is associated with glioma process, so the purpose of this study is to clarify the function of circPOSTN in glioma. METHODS: The expression levels of circPOSTN, miR-361-5p, and targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) were assessed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were executed to examine proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells, respectively. Western blot was applied to assess protein expression. The glucose metabolism of glioma cells was analyzed by testing the glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and performing Seahorse XF assay. The interaction relationship between miR-361-5p and circPOSTN or TPX2 was analyzed by bioinformatics database and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The influences of circPOSTN silencing in vivo were observed by a xenograft experiment. RESULTS: CircPOSTN was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cells. Absence of circPOSTN in glioma cells promoted apoptosis while impeded proliferation and aerobic glycolysis, which were mitigated by silencing miR-361-5p. What's more, loss-of-functional experiment suggested that knockdown of TPX2 repressed proliferation and aerobic glycolysis, while induced apoptosis in glioma cells. In addition, circPOSTN targetedly regulated TPX2 expression in glioma cells via sponging miR-361-5p. In vivo study revealed that deficiency of circPOSTN restrained tumor growth. CONCLUSION: Mechanistically, circPOSTN regulated cell growth, apoptosis, and aerobic glycolysis in glioma through miR-361-5p/TPX2 axis.

Effect of risperidone on proliferation and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells.

This aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis in schizophrenia patients with risperidone use. Here, we investigated the effects of risperidone on cellular proliferation and apoptosis of a preosteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1. Cell viability and apoptotic rate of MC3T3-E1 were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry at a serial dose of risperidone and at different time points, respectively. Bone transformation relevant gene serum osteocalcin (BGP), collagen 1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR (qPCR). Their protein expression patterns were evaluated using western blot. The results revealed that risperidone dramatically inhibited MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. TNF-α gene and protein levels were greatly enhanced after risperidone treatment. In contrast, BGP, collagen 1, OPG, and RANKL gene and protein levels were markedly downregulated. Our study indicated that risperidone suppressed MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. It also regulated BGP gene and protein expression.

Effect of risperidone on proliferation and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells

This aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis in schizophrenia patients with risperidone use. Here, we investigated the effects of risperidone on cellular proliferation and apoptosis of a preosteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1. Cell viability and apoptotic rate of MC3T3-E1 were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry at a serial dose of risperidone and at different time points, respectively. Bone transformation relevant gene serum osteocalcin (BGP), collagen 1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR (qPCR). Their protein expression patterns were evaluated using western blot. The results revealed that risperidone dramatically inhibited MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. TNF-α gene and protein levels were greatly enhanced after risperidone treatment. In contrast, BGP, collagen 1, OPG, and RANKL gene and protein levels were markedly downregulated. Our study indicated that risperidone suppressed MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. It also regulated BGP gene and protein expression.

Effect of DKK1 on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective： ：To study the effect of silencing DKK1 (Dickkopf1) gene on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells and the action mechanism. Methods： ：The DKK1-shRNA vector was constructed and transfected into AGS cells. The stably transfected cell lines were screened. The total protein and RNAof the transfected cells were extracted and the mRNAand protein expressions of DKK1 were detected by qPCR and WB, respectively. The experiment was divided into blank control group (Control), negative control group (shNC) and DKK1 silence group (DKK1-shRNA). CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ofAGS cells of each group cultured for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis in each group. The relationship between DKK1 and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed after searching HPA database. Results：The gastric cancer AGS cells with stable DKK1 gene knockdown was successfully established, and it was confirmed that the mRNA and proteinexpressions of DKK1 in DKK1-shRNA group decreased by 72% and 47%, respectively, compared to shNC group (all P<0.05). The cell proliferation curve showed that, the cell proliferation in DKKl-shRNAgroup significantly decreased after 72 hour of culture compared with that in control and shNC groups (P<0.05). The cell number of S phase decreased from 32.06% to 25.87%, while the number of G2/M phase increased from 8.49% to 21.26% compared with shNC group (all P<0.05). The number of apoptotic cells also statistically increased from 10.34% to 20.65% (all P<0.05). The data of HPAdatabase showed that DKK1 mRNAlevel in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and the high expression of DKK1 mRNAwas negatively correlat ed with the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Conclusion: : Silencing DKK1 gene can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, arrest cells in G2/M phase and promote cell apoptosis. DKK1 plays a pro-carcinogenic effect in gastric cancer.