Subject(s)
Diptera/physiology , Pest Control, Biological , Animals , Female , Male , United States Virgin IslandsSubject(s)
Diptera/physiology , Pest Control, Biological , Animals , Female , Larva/physiology , Male , Ovum/physiology , United States Virgin IslandsSubject(s)
Diptera/physiology , Pest Control, Biological , Animals , Female , Male , United States Virgin IslandsABSTRACT
A review of the literature revealed that the chemosterilants tepa (tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide), metepa (tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphineoxide), apholate (2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis(1-aziridinyl)-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine), and hempa (hexamethylmelamine) affected both reproductive and somatic tissues in over 65 species of insects. The effects were cytological, physiological, and genetic and varied from slight to severe. In some cases the deleterious effects may have been species-specific, but in general, they appeared to be dose-dependent. More than 150 publications are cited.
Subject(s)
Aziridines/pharmacology , Azirines/pharmacology , Chromosomes/drug effects , Hempa/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Triethylenephosphoramide/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Genes, Dominant , Genes, Lethal , Insecta/genetics , Male , Mutation , Sex Factors , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Sustained releases of the microhymenopteran pupal parasite Spalangia endius, at a commercial poultry installation in north Florida, completely suppressed a population of houseflies with in 35 days.
Subject(s)
Houseflies , Hymenoptera , Insect Control/methods , Wasps , Animals , Poultry , Pupa , SeasonsSubject(s)
Diptera/growth & development , Animals , Diptera/physiology , Female , Larva/growth & development , Larva/physiology , Male , Methods , Pupa/growth & development , Pupa/physiologyABSTRACT
Comparative field studies were made on the dispersal and survival of chemosterilized, irradiated, and cytoplasmically incompatible (D3 strain) male Culex pipiens fatigans. There was no significant difference in dispersal patterns and daily survival rates between laboratory colony males and wild males, and between chemosterilized or irradiated males and untreated males. Although there was no difference in dispersal between adults of the D3 strain and the laboratory colony of the Delhi strain, the former had a lower daily survival rate.
Subject(s)
Chemosterilants/pharmacology , Culex , Mosquito Control , Radiation Effects , Animals , Culex/drug effects , Culex/radiation effects , India , Male , Pest Control, Biological , Population Density , Sexual Behavior, AnimalABSTRACT
Studies on Culex pipiens fatigans dispersal were conducted during the hot, cold, rainy, and post-rainy seasons in 2 villages in the Delhi area in order to improve techniques and to determine the optimum time of release. Releases from one central point and from a number of points were evaluated. No directional effect on dispersal was observed. Dispersal was most rapid and extensive in the hot season and slowest and most limited during the cold season, when the released mosquitos tended to remain near the release sites. No significant difference was noticed between male and female dispersal, and both sexes showed a uniform dispersal pattern 2 days after release.
Subject(s)
Culex , Seasons , Animals , Climate , Female , India , Male , Mosquito Control , Population DensityABSTRACT
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide was found to be an excellent sterilant for male Culex pipiens fatigans. When male pupae were exposed to a 0.6% solution for 3 hours, the ensuing adults were rendered permanently sterile with no apparent reduction in their vigour or longevity based on laboratory and field cage studies. Females, however, exposed to the same dosage for the same length of time were partially fertile.
