ABSTRACT
Human ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is related to the activity of respiratory chain and oxygen consumption. Investigations on UPE and its response to exercise are almost non existent. Since human UPE is an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we used exercises as a model to study UPE. To continue the research on the relationship between human UPE and exercise, it was decided to carry out measurements of UPE in response to different exercise modes with 20 healthy male subjects. The performed exercises were wrist curls with a dumbbell and indoor cycling. Regarding wrist curl exercises, 70% of the subjects for the first exercise and 65% for the second exercise did not show any significant changes in UPE. Also, the statistical analysis did not show significant changes of the UPE levels. In terms of cycling exercise, 85% of subjects did not show any significant increase of UPE. The gathered data showed that a majority of the subjects didn't show an increase of the UPE during both types of exercises. Our results imply that the UPE is not only affected by oxygen consumption, but also by the intensity, the type of exercise, and the physiology of the subject.
Subject(s)
Bicycling/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Health , Photons , Resistance Training , Wrist/physiology , Adult , Forearm/physiology , Humans , Male , Oxygen/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
We observed a relation between gene activity and ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). By comparing the UPEs of E. coli with the LacI gene present and deleted we found that more gene activity produced higher UPE. This relation was further confirmed by studying the UPE of the E. coli with and without the Yhha gene. We interpreted that a higher aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase activity, which used ATP from the respiratory chain, could increase the emission. Satisfying the increased need of ATP by the E. coli through an increase of respiratory chain activity, which has reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct, results in a higher rate of photon emission. To ensure that oxygen is at the origin of this emission, we replaced the air by pure nitrogen. After 30 min, it was observed that the emission levels equaled the emission levels of the sterile medium. We could therefore conclude that the source of the photon emission would be affected by genetic activity and is oxygen related.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gene Deletion , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Lac Operon/genetics , Oxygen/metabolism , Photons , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Luminescent Measurements , Nitrogen/pharmacology , Transcriptional ActivationABSTRACT
Using two photomultiplier tubes (PMT), we measured the biophoton emission of the left and right wrists simultaneously. The subjects performed hand-grip exercises with both hands, during the measurements. We found a slow increase of the emission rates during the exercises, rising in average from 51.6 cps (counts per second) to 72.3 cps and an immediate decrease after the ending of the exercises. Simultaneous measurement of the skin temperature near the wrist using a thermocouple showed steady increase of temperature even after the ending of the exercises. Thus we demonstrated manifestly that the biophoton has no correlation with body temperature changes. We proposed a hypothesis to account the increase of the biophoton due to muscular activity. The oxygen used by the respiratory chain is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore must be one of the biophoton sources. To flesh out this hypothesis we compared our data to heart beat rates and oxygen consumption values measured while doing the same type of exercises.
