Endothelial cyst of the adrenal gland: A rare case report.

Adrenal gland cysts are rare and uncommon manifestations. Mostly asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during radiological studies or at autopsy, or without characteristic symptoms. The spectrum of these entities may include benign cysts or malignant cystic neoplasms. They are classified into four types: pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts, and parasitic cysts. Though pseudocysts are reported to be the most frequently clinically recognized adrenal cysts in surgical series, endothelial cysts are more frequent in autopsy series. Even with advanced imaging modalities, it is still difficult to differentiate a benign adrenal neoplasm from a malignant one. As a result, getting a definitive diagnosis and starting treatment is challenging. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases with a large diameter or increasing sizes during follow-up, or with any abnormality of adrenal hormones, surgery is the treatment of choice in symptomatic. Herein, we present a 47-year-old female with a nonfunctional left adrenal endothelial cyst, who was incidentally found during a computerized tomography scan. The patient presented with left-sided nephritic colic due to renal lithiasis. The objective of this paper is to recall the clinical characteristics and to specify the diagnostic contribution of imaging as well as the therapeutic modalities of this entity.

Spinal metastasis of nephroblastoma: Yes it exists.

Nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney in the pediatric population. Metastasis is caused by hematogenous spread. The most common localizations in decreasing order of frequency are lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. The bone is very rarely affected. According to the literature, bone metastases have been described in the iliac bone, skull, and mandible. The vertebral localization was described in 3 cases only, the first 1 in 2009, and the 2 others in 2015 . The goal of our work is to report a very rare case of metastatic vertebral localization of a Wilms' tumor in relapse after treatment; and thus to underline the potential for vertebral and intracanal involvement in nephroblastoma.

Progressive ataxia and palatal tremor (PAPT) with hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD): A case report.

Palatal tremor has been subdivided into essential (EPT) and symptomatic palatal tremor (SPT). Progressive ataxia and palatal tremor syndrome (PAPT) is a subgroup of symptomatic palatal tremor (SPT). It can be divided into familial and sporadic forms. Sporadic PAPT is characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration. The cause of sporadic PAPT remains uncertain. MRI examination found an enlarged appearance of the olivary nuclei with increased signal intensity on T2 and FLAIR images. Here we report a case of a mid-adult-onset man which presents a worsening cerebellar progressive ataxia with palatal tremor, in whom imaging reveals abnormalities of the olivary nuclei with tardive cerebellar atrophy which has been diagnosed as a sporadic PAPT.

Right atrial tumor revealing intravascular leiomyomatosis: about a case and literature review.

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a very rare extension of uterine leiomyoma through the pelvic vessels. It is a benign pathology with malignant potential with a possibility of intra-cardiac extension and metastases (cerebral, pulmonary, lymph node); early diagnosis is very difficult. Prognosis depends on involvement of the inferior vena cava and extension to the right cavities. We report a case of complications of IVL, precisely the extension in the right atrium, in a 49-year-old woman. The objective of our work is to highlight the importance of imaging in the diagnosis of the vascular extension of leimyomatosis.

An unexpected complication: Air embolism during contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Air embolism is often an iatrogenic complication that may occur in venous or arterial circulation depending on the port of entry. We present a case of a 40-year-old female who had a venous air embolism in the pulmonary artery as a consequence of the injection of a contrast agent. She experienced dyspnea and chest pain following a contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography imaging. She was successfully treated and discharged from our hospital. Early detection of this clinical condition is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality.

A Dental Extraction Revealing a Multisystem Burkitt's Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Burkitt's lymphoma is rare but highly aggressive and very fast-growing B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It can affect any organ such as the central nervous system, jaw, intestines, kidneys, ovaries, and other organs. It results from the malignant evolution and proliferation of B-type lymphoid cells. The diagnosis is based on a biopsy of a tumor mass or bone marrow aspiration revealing the presence of tumor cells. We report the case of a 7 year old child who was referred for a gingival swelling evolving since 1 month following a dental extraction. Imaging and anatomopathological examination after biopsy concludes to a multi systemic Burkitt's lymphoma. A chemotherapy was immediately started with spectacular complete remission.

Bilateral Nephroblastomatosis With a Unilateral Wilms Tumor: A Case Report Highlighting Imaging Characteristics.

Nephrogenic rests (NRs) are foci of embryonic nephrogenic cells that persist beyond the 36th week of gestation. They are precursor lesions of Wilms tumor and are found incidentally in approximately 1% of infants. The term nephroblastomatosis (NBS) is utilized when nephrogenic rests extensively or multifocally affect the kidneys. We report a case of a left nephroblastoma with bilateral nephroblastomatosis, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a left nephrectomy, highlighting the imaging features of nephrogenic rests on ultrasound, CT, and MRI, and the potential possibilities of distinguishing nephroblastomas from nephrogenic rests in one hand, and the possibilities of distinguishing active nephrogenic rests from inactive ones in the other hand. We furthermore discuss the role of histology in making those distinctions, and the role of chemotherapy in reducing nephrogenic rests' size and cellularity.

Ataxic gait and dysarthria in a child: pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration as a diagnosis.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (or previously known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) is a very rare disorder that typically manifests in a child with neurological signs such as gait difficulties, dysarthria, and hyperreflexia, associated potentially with psychiatric symptoms such as cognitive decline. It demonstrates on MRI the typical 'eye of the tiger' appearance, which is due to gliosis and accumulation of iron in the globi pallidi. Other differentials can mimic this appearance on MRI, it is therefore important to search for the involvement of other basal ganglia nuclei and the cerebral cortex, and also to consider the clinical and biological context.

Fetus In Fetu With Myelomeningocele.

Fetus in fetu is an uncommon medical anomaly characterized by the presence of a malformed fetus within the body of a living twin. Although the retroperitoneum is the most typical location, occurrences in the sacrococcygeal and dorsolumbar regions are rare. Ongoing debates center around its embryopathogenesis, debating whether it is a highly specialized teratoma or a result of parasitic twinning in a monozygotic monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy. Notably, distinguishing factors such as vertebral bodies and limbs are pivotal in discerning FIF from teratomas. Diagnostic imaging techniques are integral for preoperative diagnosis, with histopathological examination confirming the condition's presence.

Hydatid cyst of the liver invading the inferior vena cava.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation due to the development of Echinococcus granulosus in the organism. This disease is particularly frequent in Morocco where echinococcosis is endemic. The liver is the most common organ to be affected by hydatidosis, and several complications have been described. Vascular complications secondary to hepatic echinococcosis such as fistulization or rupture of hydatid liver cysts to the inferior vena cava (IVC) are an extremely rare and life-threatening condition. This report aims to describe a case of invasion of the IVC by a hydatid cyst of the liver resulting in portal hypertension in a 60-year-old female patient. The diagnosis was established in the preoperative phase by a CT scan. IVC invasion remains an infrequent complication that should be routinely looked for in patients with hydatid disease of the liver, and few cases have been reported in the literature to date.

Extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the leg with multiple skeletal and pulmonary metastases: A rare pediatric case report.

Being the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults, Ewing's sarcoma can also occur as a primary soft-tissue tumor called extraosseous or extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma. It is a rare entity, especially in the pediatric population. We report the case of an adolescent who presented to our department for lower extremity magnetic resonance imaging to explore leg swelling. It revealed an extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma with multiple bone metastases. By reporting this case, we also review the literature on this rare abnormality.

A rare case of renal tumor in children: Clear cell sarcoma with an unusual presentation.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is the most frequently misdiagnosed renal tumor in children. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney with an unusual presentation, including a primary tumor of the left kidney with metastasis in the homolateral psoas muscle. The renal tumor was revealed by abdominal mass without hematuria. In a review of the literature. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is most commonly associated with bone and lung metastases. Muscular metastasis at initial diagnosis has not previously been reported. This case represents an unusual metastatic pattern of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. This also illustrates clear cell sarcoma of the kidney's ability to metastasize to other sites including the muscular. These tumors present a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist who should be aware of this entity to differentiate it from other renal tumors which are more frequent at this age. We aim to report the clinical, radiological features, and pathological presentation of this entity.

Schizencephaly: A rare cause of late-onset epilepsy in an adult.

Schizencephaly, a rare congenital cerebral deformity that affects the cerebral mantle and is caused by both hereditary and acquired factors, is defined by a cleft that spans the entire cerebral hemisphere from the lateral ventricle to the cerebral cortex. Adult symptoms have only been described in a few cases in the literature. Hemiparesis, developmental delays, or seizures are manifestations of the clinical presentation, which is dependent on the size and location of the lesion. Neuroimaging investigations, particularly MRI, enable the diagnosis and rule out other causes. Usually discovered at birth, this entity begins to show up in the first several years. To prevent receiving the wrong treatment, the ailment must be correctly diagnosed. We report the observation of a 43-year-old patient with partial epileptic seizures but with an asymptomatic childhood, in relation to unilateral closed cleft schizencephaly associated with gray matter heterotopia. In this case, we highlight the importance of neuroimaging, in particular MRI on the diagnosis of this entity and to identify the associated anomalies.

Isolated perineal endometriosis? Yes ... an exceptional location.

Endometriosis is a nonmalignant condition characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Perineal endometriosis, an uncommon occurrence, involves the presence of endometrial tissue in the superficial perineum. In this report, we present a unique case of a 40-year-old woman with no known history of endometriosis. She had undergone an episiotomy 10 months prior and presented with swelling in the left perineal region, with no signs of inflammation or fever. To investigate the condition, a pelvic MRI was performed, revealing a rounded collection in the left perineal area, leading to the suspicion of perineal endometriosis based on the patient's pain pattern and medical history. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed after drainage.

A rare presentation of a spinal diffuse midline glioma in a child: a case report.

Our patient had an extremely rare type of pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) with modified H3 K27 that occurred in the cervical spinal cord. Due to its location in the spinal cord, slow clinical presentation with torticollis for 7 months, and the non-specific radiological appearance of this tumour, it was initially considered to be a low-grade glioma. Based on imaging findings, the neurosurgery team performed a complete surgical resection, but the pathological features were consistent with a high-grade, diffuse midline glioma. Therefore, we are reporting a case of an altered high-grade DMG H3K27 glioma, which is difficult to diagnose due to its slow clinical symptoms which caused a delay in diagnosis, non-specific imaging, and with difficulty in accessing histopathological markers in low and middle income countries (LMIC).

Osseous hydatid disease: A mimic of other skeletal pathologies.

Hydatid disease is still endemic in several regions worldwide including Morocco, and is caused in most cases by the larval form of 2 species of the tapeworm Echinococcus: E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. Primary hydatid disease of the bone without systemic involvement is rare. The disease has a silent clinical evolution until it reaches complicated stages. Complications may include pathological fracture, neural deficit, infection, and fistulization of the abscess. Preoperative diagnosis is based on clinical history, imaging findings, and serological tests, which lack high sensitivity and specificity. Although the interpretation of imaging studies can prove to be very confusing because the bone changes evolve with time, and the nonspecificity of these findings often leads to a mistaken diagnosis. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients who reside in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis, especially in patients that live in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. The treatment of choice remains surgical, following the principles of a locally malignant lesion. Chemotherapy (albendazole alone or in combination with praziquantel) is indicated when surgery is not possible or as an adjuvant treatment. The prognosis is often poor. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with long-standing pain in the left hip joint in which the imaging findings were thought of as being either tuberculous or neoplastic. The result of a CT-guided biopsy concurred with an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case highlights that in the absence of a high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, the semblance of imaging findings of hydatid disease in the bone to those of other skeletal pathologies can lead to misinterpretation.

Multiple scrotal and testicular epidermoid cysts: A rare case report.

Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions occurring on the skin usually; however, it rarely occurs in the scrotum or testicular area, and even more rarely the association of multiple epidermal cysts on the scrotum and testis. We report a case of multiple epidermal cysts on the scrotum and testis of a 40-year-old man who consulted for scrotal nodules. To our best knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the literature. In this paper, we will discuss the histogenesis, the ultrasound features, and the complications of scrotal and testicular epidermal cysts.

Corrigendum to "Male breast myofibroblastoma: Imaging features and ultrasound-guided core biopsy diagnosis" [Radiol Case Rep 2023;18:830-4].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.11.029.].

Pediatric myositis ossificans circumscripta following traumatic hip dislocation: A case report.

Myositis ossificans is non-neoplastic heterotopic bone forms in skeletal muscle. We recognize 3 subtypes: fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, myositis ossificans with no history of trauma (nontraumatic or pseudomalignant), and circumscribed or traumatic myositis ossificans. Traumatic myositis ossificans circumscripta has not, as far as we are aware, been previously documented as a complication of traumatic hip dislocation. We present the radiological findings of a 10-year-old girl with Thevenards syndrome, whose traumatic hip dislocation was complicated by circumstantial myositis ossificans. X-rays and computed tomography scan enabled us to diagnose by the presence of mature bone in the periphery of the lesion with a smooth contour and well separated from the bone. The treatment of dislocation and complication was nonoperatively.

Omental infarction found incidentally during metastatic workup: A report of 2 cases.

Omental infarction is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain that can occur in different several locations. We report 2 cases of omental infarction diagnosed at computed tomography (CT) scan performed as part of routine oncological surveillance, one right-sided and the other left sided. This paper illustrates the range of CT scan findings and highlights the important clinical implications of this radiological diagnosis.