ABSTRACT
Ethanol extracts from dried leaves of wild Lepechinia salvia (Lindl) Epling, collected during the flowering period (September-November), contained 15% to 25% carnosic acid and 2 to 8% carnosol, depending on the month of collection. The highest concentration of carnosic acid in extracts was in October, while carnosol concentration had a peak in September, which suggests that it is not a product of carnosic acid oxidation. A comparison of extracts obtained in September 2008 to 2011 shows that the production of both abietanes increased in years with less winter rainfall and higher temperatures, which induced an early blooming. EC50 values in DPPH radical scavenging and antiproliferative (CCRF-CEM tumor cells) bioassays confirm that the high bioactivity of the extracts of rosemary, sage and L. salviae does not arise only from carnosol and carnosic acid. The cytotoxic activity was significantly higher in extracts of L. salviae, probably due to water stress differences between the cultivars and the wild species. These results correlate well with the close phylogenetic relationship between the three species, and their similar medicinal uses.
Subject(s)
Abietanes/chemistry , Ethanol/chemistry , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Humans , Picrates/chemistryABSTRACT
GC-MS and (1)H NMR spectroscopic profiling of a CDCl 3 extract of the liverwort Riccardia polyclada (syn. R. umbrosa) revealed the presence of four main compounds bearing several chlorine atoms on a bibenzyl skeleton. Separation of a CH 2Cl 2 extract was achieved using preparative TLC, and structures 1- 4 were proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1- 4 were active in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay ( Artemia salina). In addition, 2 and 4 displayed moderate antifeedant activity in disk-choice bioassays with Spodoptera littoralis larvae and inhibited the growth of Cladosporium herbarum cultures on TLC plates.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Artemia/drug effects , Bibenzyls/isolation & purification , Bibenzyls/pharmacology , Hepatophyta/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/isolation & purification , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology , Spodoptera/drug effects , Animals , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Bibenzyls/chemistry , Chile , Cladosporium/drug effects , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Larva/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/chemistryABSTRACT
Two new phenolic esters 9-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-alpha-terpineol (1) and 7-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-taedol (2), both endowed with free radical scavenger activity and cleroda-3,13 (E)-dien-15,18-diol (3) for which a cis stereochemistry at the decalin junction was found, were isolated from the resinous exudate from Haplopappus taeda upper parts.
Subject(s)
Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Haplopappus , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds , Esters/administration & dosage , Esters/chemistry , Esters/pharmacology , Esters/therapeutic use , Free Radical Scavengers/administration & dosage , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Phenols/administration & dosage , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/pharmacology , Phenols/therapeutic use , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
The antioxidant activity of eight coumarins and two flavonols isolated from Haplopappus multifolius was studied with the DPPH radical method. Results show that a high concentration of phenolic coumarins and the presence of quercetin and rhamnetin in the exudates could account for the protection of the plant against oxidative stress. Structures for the coumarins 6-hydroxy-7-[(E,E)-3',7'-dimethyl-2',4',7'-octatrienyloxy] coumarin and 7-[(E)-3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-2'-butenyloxy] coumarin are proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Coumarins/chemistry , Flavonols/chemistry , Haplopappus/chemistry , Resins, Plant/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Coumarins/pharmacology , Flavonols/isolation & purification , Flavonols/pharmacology , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Resins, Plant/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A chemical study of a dichloromethane extract of Balantiopsis cancellata led to the isolation of four known 2-phenylethanol esters (1-4) and a phenylethanediol benzoate (5). Antifeedant activity toward Spodoptera littoralis (disk-choice bioassay) and growth inhibition of the phytopathogen Cladosporium herbarum in TLC-bioautography assays were determined. The results show that the antifeedant and antifungal activity of the extract is attributable mainly to the trans-beta-methylthioacrylate 4.
Subject(s)
Esters/pharmacology , Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology , Hepatophyta/chemistry , Insecticides , Phenylethyl Alcohol/analogs & derivatives , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Artemia/drug effects , Cladosporium/drug effects , Eating/drug effects , Methylene Chloride , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Spodoptera/physiologyABSTRACT
A chemical study of aerial parts of Haplopappus illinitus afforded five labdane diterpenoids whose structures were elucidated by high field NMR spectroscopy and 2D techniques. Four of them are dicarboxylic acids previously reported as the corresponding dimethyl ester derivatives and the fifth is a new compound.
Subject(s)
Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Haplopappus/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Chile , Diterpenes/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
Carnosol 1, rosmanol 2, carnosic acid 3 and 20-deoxocarnosol 4, the main phenolic abietanes present in aerial parts of the Chilean medicinal plant Sphacele salviae were tested for antioxidant activity of measuring the decay of the radical cation diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). All compounds displayed higher antioxidant levels than BHT under the same conditions and carnosic acid was more efficient than vitamin E.
