ABSTRACT
The incidence of incorrectly reported drug allergies in a pediatrics hospital and the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions to clarify these reports were studied. A four-month prospective study included children (< or = 18 years of age) with at least one drug allergy reported in their medical chart. Drug allergies were assessed by a pharmacist who labeled the reactions as true, incorrectly reported, or undetermined allergies, in accordance with defined criteria. When an incorrectly reported allergy was removed from a patient's chart with the consent of the attending physician, the intervention was reported to the community pharmacist. A total of 186 of 248 drug allergies identified in 1591 patient charts were challenged. Of these, 26 (14%), 103 (55%), and 57 (31%) were considered true, undetermined, and incorrectly reported drug allergies, respectively, by the pharmacist. A total of 53 (93%) incorrectly reported allergies were removed from patients' charts with the consent of the attending physicians. Community pharmacists were contacted in 25 of these cases. At follow-up, the incorrect allergy documentation was found to have been removed from 23 community pharmacy charts. A pharmacist found numerous incorrectly reported allergies in a pediatrics hospital and assisted in removing them from patients' medical charts.
Subject(s)
Documentation/standards , Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Medical Records/standards , Pharmacists , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Child , Female , Forms and Records Control , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prospective Studies , RoleABSTRACT
Sanguinaria canadensis L. plants were harvested from a local forest and calli were initiated from leaf explants. The production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids (i.e. sanguinarine, sanguilutine, sanguirubine, chelerythrine, chelilutine and chelirubine) by S. canadensis cell grown in modified B5 and IM2 media was compared to the alkaloid content of rhizomes. Sanguinarine accounted for approximately 80% of the total alkaloid content of cultured cells (1.3%, g g-1) while sanguinarine and sanguirubine accounted for 70% of rhizome alkaloids (9.0%, g g-1). Sanguinarine, chelirubine and chelerythrine were the only known alkaloids detected in cultured S. canadensis cells. Maximum alkaloid production of cultures performed using B5 medium, containing half the original nitrate concentration, was observed following extracellular nitrate and sugar depletion. The scale-up of this culture was successfully performed in a 2-1 immobilization bioreactor. The consumption of sugar and nitrate as well as the oxygen (OTR) and carbon dioxide (CTR) transfer rates of the immobilized cell culture were monitored for 15 days. The maximum sugar and nitrate consumption rates were 1.8 g l-1 per day and 2.3 mM per day respectively. The maximum OTR and CTR of the immobilized cell culture were 0.8 mmol O2 l-1 h-1 and 0.95 mmol CO2 l-1 h-1 respectively. The sanguinarine yield of this culture reached 1.0% based on biomass dry weight (g g-1 dw) by day 15.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/metabolism , Culture Techniques/methods , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Benzophenanthridines , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Cell Division , Isoquinolines , Mouthwashes , Nitrates/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Phenanthridines/metabolismABSTRACT
A new method is described that uses an elegtronic imaging tube to record and explore Fabry-Perot fringes. The light intensity distribution of an interference pattern and the Doppler effect of a line can be observed with an exploration time of the order of 1O(-5) sec. Some important applications in the fields of spectroscopy and education are also considered.
