Frequency and predictors of decompressive craniectomy in ischemic stroke patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy in the ETIS registry.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is usually performed in a comprehensive stroke center with on-site neurosurgical expertise. The question of whether MT can be performed in a primary stroke center without a neurosurgical facility is debated. In this context, there is a need to determine the frequency, delay and predictors of neurosurgical procedures in patients treated by MT. This study aims to determine these factors. METHODS: In total, 432 patients under 60years old, diagnosed with an acute ischemic stroke with a large vessel occlusion and treated by MT between January 2018 and December 2019 in six French stroke centers, were selected from the French clinical registry ETIS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictive factors for decompressive craniectomy. RESULTS: Among the 432 included patients, 43 (9.9%) patients with an anterior circulation infarct underwent decompressive craniectomy. Higher admission NIHSS (OR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.02-1.16]), lower ASPECT (OR per 1 point of decrease 1.53 [1.31-1.79] P<0.001) and preadmission antiplatelet use (OR: 3.03 [1.31-7.01]) were independent risk factors for decompressive craniectomy. The risk of decompressive craniectomy increases to more than 30% with an ASPECT score<4, an NIHSS>16, and current antiplatelet use. CONCLUSION: In this multicenter registry, 9% of acute ischemic stroke patients (<60years old) treated with MT, required decompressive craniectomy. Higher NIHSS score, lower ASPECT score, and preadmission antiplatelet use increase the risk of subsequent requirement for decompressive craniectomy.

TICI-RANKIN mismatch: Poor clinical outcome despite complete endovascular reperfusion in the ETIS Registry.

INTRODUCTION: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is a well-established technic for acute ischemic stroke, but despite a high recanalization rate of near 80%, at 3 months roughly 50% of patients have a poor functional outcome with a modified Rankin score (mRS) ≥3. The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors of poor functional outcomes in patients with complete recanalization after EVT, defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 3. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis based on the prospective multicenter ETIS registry (endovascular treatment in ischemic stroke) in France included 795 patients from January 2015 and November 2019 with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation occlusion and prestroke mRS 0-1, treated with EVT and who achieved complete recanalization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictive factors of poor functional outcome. RESULTS: 365 patients (46%) showed a poor functional outcome (mRS>2). In backward-stepwise logistic regression analysis, poor functional outcome was independently associated with older age (OR per 10-year increase, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.30 to 1.75), higher admission NIHSS (OR per 1 point increase, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.21 to 1.34), absence of prior intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 0.59; 95%CI, 0.39 to 0.90), and an unfavorable 24-hour NIHSS change (24h-baseline) (OR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.79 to 0.87). We calculated that patients whose 24h NIHSS decreased by less than 5 points are more at risk of a poor outcome, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 65.0%. CONCLUSION: Despite complete reperfusion after EVT, half of patients had a poor clinical outcome. These patients, who were mainly older with a high initial NIHSS and an unfavorable post-EVT 24h NIHSS change, could represent a target population for early neurorepair and neurorestorative strategies.

Does ultrasound-guidance improve the outcome of botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia?

PURPOSE: Ultrasound-guided injections of botulinum neurotoxin in cervical dystonia have a number of theoretical advantages. However, their action has never been compared to that of non-guided injections. The objectives of the study were to compare the outcome of botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment in patients with idiopathic, focal cervical dystonia, according to two methods: inspection and palpation of anatomical landmarks (non-guided group) or ultrasound guidance (ultrasound-guided group). METHODS: We included consecutive patients in this single-center, prospective, real-life, non-randomized study. The outcomes were evaluated one month after the injections: Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile 58 (main outcome), Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-2 (pain and disability subscores), Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-PSYCH, patient-rated Clinical Global Impression - Improvement and adverse events. We used propensity score methods for statistical analysis; ten predefined confounding factors were used to build the propensity score. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were included in the non-guided group, and 60 other patients in the ultrasound-guided group. We found no difference in main and secondary outcomes between the two study groups. CONCLUSION: This is the first direct comparison between ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum neurotoxin type A injections in patients with cervical dystonia. We hypothesize that ultrasound guidance made it possible to obtain the same results in the most severe (or the most demanding) patients as in the best responders. Further studies are still needed to assess the impact of botulinum neurotoxin injections into deep cervical muscles.

Is There an Optimal Definition for a Positive Circumferential Resection Margin in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer?

BACKGROUND: Two definitions of a positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) in esophageal cancer coexist: one by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) (CRM = 0 mm) and another by the Royal College of Pathologists (RCP) (CRM ≤ 1 mm). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of both definitions in esophageal cancer and to identify a new cutoff value for the CRM to predict survival. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative esophageal resection for locally advanced (≥ pT3) adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were selected from 2007 to 2016. The CRM was reassessed using an ocular micrometer. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were estimated with uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The study enrolled 283 patients: 48 with a positive CRM according to the CAP definition and 171 with a positive CRM according to the RCP definition. In the multivariate analysis, a positive CRM according to both definitions was significantly associated with a poor OS (CAP: hazard ratio [HR], 2.26, p < 0.001; RCP: HR, 1.42, p = 0.035). A CRM of 0 mm was predictive of a worse OS and DFS than a CRM of 1 mm or less (p < 0.0001), whereas no significant difference was found between a CRM greater than 1 mm and a CRM of 1 mm or less, indicating that the CAP definition was more accurate for predicting prognosis and recurrence. New cutoff CRM values of 100 µm in squamous cell carcinoma and 200 µm in adenocarcinoma were optimal for predicting OS. CONCLUSION: The CAP definition was more accurate for predicting prognosis and recurrence. The study identified a new cutoff value of CRM according to histologic type.

Longitudinal study of AMH variations in 122 Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) and non-AYA lymphoma patients to evaluate the chemo-induced ovarian toxicity to further personalise fertility preservation counselling.

STUDY QUESTION: What is the influence of age and chemotherapy regimen on the longitudinal blood anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) variations in a large series of adolescents and young adult (AYA) (15-24 years old) and non-AYA (25-35 years old) lymphoma patients? SUMMARY ANSWER: In case of alkylating regimen treatment, there was a deep and sustained follicular depletion in AYA as well as non-AYA patients; however in both groups, the ovarian toxicity was extremely low in cases of non-alkylating treatments. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: AMH is now well-recognised to be a real-time indicator of ovarian follicular depletion and recovery in women treated by chemotherapy. Its longitudinal variations may discriminate between highly and minimally toxic protocols regarding ovarian function. It has been shown, in different cancer types, that age, type of chemotherapy regimen and pre-treatment AMH levels are the main predictors of ovarian recovery. Large studies on longitudinal AMH variations under chemotherapy in lymphoma patients are few but can provide the opportunity to assess the degree of follicle loss at a young age. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Fertility Observatory of the Lille University Hospital. Data were collected between 2007 and 2016. Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n = 122) between 15 and 35 years old were prospectively recruited before commencing chemotherapy. Patients were treated either by a non-alkylating protocol (ABVD group; n = 67) or by an alkylating regimen (alkylating group; n = 55). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Serial AMH measurements were performed at baseline (AMH0), 15 days after the start of chemotherapy (AMH1), 15 days before the last chemotherapy cycle (AMH2), and at time 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months from the end of chemotherapy. The whole study population was divided into two groups according to age: AYA (15-24; n = 65) and non-AYA (25-35; n = 57). All patients received a once monthly GnRH agonist injection during the whole treatment period. A linear mixed model was used to account for the repeated measures of single patients. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: At baseline, non-AYA patients had higher BMI and lower AMH levels than AYA patients. All AYA and non-AYA patients having received ABVD protocols had regular cycles at 12 months of follow-up. In case of alkylating regimens, amenorrhoea was more frequent in non-AYA patients than in AYA patients at 12 months (37% vs 4%, P = 0.011) and at 24 months (24% vs 4%, P = 0.045). We distinguished a similar depletion phase from AMH0 to AMH2 between ABVD and alkylating groups but significantly different recovery phases from AMH2 to AMH + 24 months. AMH recovery was fast and complete in case of ABVD protocols whatever the age: AMH reached pre-treatment values as soon as the 6th month of follow-up in the AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 3.07 (2.86 to 3.27) vs 3.05 (2.78 to 3.31), P = 1.00) and in the non-AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 2.73 (2.40 to 3.05) vs 2.47 (2.21 to 2.74), P = 1.00). In contrast, no patients from the alkylating group returned to pre-treatment AMH values whatever the age of patients (AYA or non-AYA). Moreover, none of the AMH values post-chemotherapy in the non-AYA group were significantly different from AMH2. Conversely in the AYA group, AMH levels from 6 months (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 1.79 (1.47 to 2.11), P < 0.001) to 24 months (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 2.16 (1.80 to 2.52), P ≤ 0.001) were significantly higher than AMH2 (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 1.13 (0.89 to 1.38)). Considering the whole study population (AYA and non-AYA), pre-treatment AMH levels influenced the pattern of the AMH variation both in alkylating and ABVD protocols (interaction P-value = 0.005 and 0.043, respectively). Likewise, age was significantly associated with the pattern of the recovery phase but only in the alkylating group (interaction P-value =0.001). BMI had no influence on the AMH recovery phase whatever the protocol (interaction P-value = 0.98 in alkylating group, 0.72 in ABVD group). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: There was a large disparity in subtypes of protocols in the alkylating group. The average duration of chemotherapy for patients treated with alkylating protocols was longer than that for patients treated with ABVD. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: These results make it possible to develop strategies for fertility preservation according to age and type of protocol in a large series of young lymphoma patients. In addition, it was confirmed that young age does not protect against ovarian damage caused by alkylating agents. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This work was supported by Agence Régionale de Santé Hauts de France and Agence Onco Hauts-de-France who provided finances for AMH dosages (n° DOS/SDES/AR/FIR/2019/282). There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DC-2008-642 and CNIL DEC2015-112.

Impact of recanalisation by mechanical thrombectomy in mild acute ischemic stroke with large anterior vessel occlusion.

BACKGROUND: The net clinical benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients presenting acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) and mild neurological deficit is uncertain. AIMS: To investigate efficacy and safety of MT in patients with acute AIS-LVO and mild neurological deficit by evaluating i) the influence of recanalisation on three-month outcome and ii) mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and procedural complications. METHODS: We included consecutive patients with acute AIS-LVO and National Institute of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score<8, treated by MT at Lille University Hospital. Recanalisation was graded according to modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score, mTICI 2b/2c/3 being considered successful. We recorded procedural complications and classified intra-cerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and sICH according with European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) and ECASS2 criteria. Three-month outcome was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS). Excellent and favourable outcomes were respectively defined as mRS 0-1 and 0-2 (or similar to pre-stroke). RESULTS: We included 95 patients. At three months, 56 patients (59. 0%) achieved an excellent outcome and 69 (72, 6%) a favourable outcome, both being more frequent in patients with successful recanalisation than in patients without (excellent outcome 71, 1% versus 10, 5%, P<0.001 and favourable outcome 82.9% versus 31.6%, P<0.001). The difference remained unchanged after adjustment for age and pre-MT infarct volume. Similar results were observed in patients with pre-MT NIHSS ≤5. Death occurred in five patients (5.3%), procedural complications in 12 (12.6%), any ICH in 38 (40.0%), including 3 (3.2%) sICH. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving successful recanalisation appears beneficial and safe in acute AIS-LVO patients with NIHSS<8 before MT.

Prognosis and risk factors associated with asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke: a prospective multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aICH) is a common occurrence after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aims of this study were to address its impact on 3-month functional outcome and to identify risk factors for aICH after EVT. METHODS: Patients with AIS attributable to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent EVT were enrolled in a multicenter prospective registry. Based on imaging performed 22-36 h post-EVT, we included patients with no intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or aICH. Poor outcome defined as a 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 4-6 and overall 3-month mRS score distribution were compared according to presence/absence of aICH, and aICH subtype using logistic regression. We assessed the risk factors of aICH using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the 1526 patients included in the study, 653 (42.7%) had aICH. Patients with aICH had a higher rate of poor outcome: odds ratio (OR) 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.44). Shift analysis of mRS score found a fully adjusted OR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.47-2.18). Hemorrhagic infarction (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.22-2.18]) and parenchymal hematoma (OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.77-5.02]) were associated with higher risk of poor outcome. Male sex, diabetes, coronary artery disease, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, number of passes and onset to groin puncture time were independently associated with aICH. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with aICH, irrespective of the radiological pattern, have a worse functional outcome at 3 months compared with those without ICH after EVT for AIS. The number of EVT passes and the time from onset to groin puncture are factors that could be modified to reduce deleterious ICH.

Clot Burden Score and Collateral Status and Their Impact on Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Collateral status and thrombus length have been independently associated with functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It has been suggested that thrombus length would influence functional outcome via interaction with the collateral circulation. We investigated the individual and combined effects of thrombus length assessed by the clot burden score and collateral status assessed by a FLAIR vascular hyperintensity-ASPECTS rating system on functional outcome (mRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion from the ASTER and THRACE trials treated with endovascular thrombectomy were pooled. The clot burden score and FLAIR vascular hyperintensity score were determined on MR imaging obtained before endovascular thrombectomy. Favorable outcome was defined as an mRS score of 0-2 at 90 days. Association of the clot burden score and the FLAIR vascular hyperintensity score with favorable outcome (individual effect and interaction) was examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 326 patients treated by endovascular thrombectomy with both the clot burden score and FLAIR vascular hyperintensity assessment, favorable outcome was observed in 165 (51%). The rate of favorable outcome increased with clot burden score (smaller clots) and FLAIR vascular hyperintensity (better collaterals) values. The association between clot burden score and functional outcome was significantly modified by the FLAIR vascular hyperintensity score, and this association was stronger in patients with good collaterals, with an adjusted OR = 6.15 (95% CI, 1.03-36.81). CONCLUSIONS: The association between the clot burden score and functional outcome varied for different collateral scores. The FLAIR vascular hyperintensity score might be a valuable prognostic factor, especially when contrast-based vascular imaging is not available.

Neurological improvement predicts clinical outcome after acute basilar artery stroke thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Early neurological improvement (ENI), defined as a reduction of ≥ 8 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) compared with baseline score, or an NIHSS score of 0 or 1 at 24 h after MT, is a strong predictor of 3-month favorable outcome in such patients. The impact of ENI after MT in stroke patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) on 3-month outcome is not clear. We aimed to study the effects of ENI in patients with BAO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort of all consecutive stroke patients with BAO who underwent MT. We compared clinical outcomes between BAO patient groups according to ENI status. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the impact of ENI on favorable 90-day outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0-3) and to report factors contributing to ENI. RESULTS: A total of 237 patients were included. ENI was observed in 70 patients (30%). Outcomes were significantly better in ENI-positive patients, with 84% achieving favorable outcome (mRS score 0-3) at 3 months versus 30% for ENI-negative patients (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, ENI was an independent predictive factor associated with higher rates of favorable outcome {odds ratio (OR) 18.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.95-83.10]; P = 0.0001}. Higher number of passes [OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.43-0.89); P = 0.010] and need for stenting [OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.07-0.95); P = 0.041] were negatively associated with ENI. CONCLUSION: Early neurological improvement on day 1 following MT for BAO is a strong independent predictor of a favorable 3-month clinical outcome.

Predictors of Favorable Outcome after Endovascular Thrombectomy in MRI: Selected Patients with Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusions need further investigation. Our aim was to analyze predictors of a 90-day good functional outcome defined as mRS 0-2 after endovascular treatment in MR imaging-selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed consecutive MR imaging-selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusions endovascularly treated within the first 24 hours after symptom onset. Successful and complete reperfusion was defined as modified TICI scores 2b-3 and 3, respectively. Outcome at 90 days was analyzed in univariate and multivariate analysis regarding baseline patient treatment characteristics and periprocedural outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred ten patients were included. In 10 patients, endovascular treatment was aborted for failed proximal/distal access. Overall, successful reperfusion was achieved in 81.8% of cases (n = 90; 95% CI, 73.3%-88.6%). At 90 days, favorable outcome was 31.8%, with a mortality rate of 40.9%; the prevalence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours was 2.7%. The median time from symptom onset to groin puncture was 410 minutes (interquartile range, 280-540 minutes). In multivariable analysis, complete reperfusion (OR = 6.59; 95% CI, 2.17-20.03), lower pretreatment NIHSS (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94), the presence of posterior communicating artery collateral flow (OR = 2.87; 95% CI, 1.05-7.84), the absence of atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.03-0.99), and intravenous thrombolysis administration (OR = 2.75; 95% CI, 1.04-7.04) were associated with 90-day favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In our series of MR imaging-selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusions, complete reperfusion was the strongest predictor of a good outcome. Lower pretreatment NIHSS, the presence of posterior communicating artery collateral flow, the absence of atrial fibrillation, and intravenous thrombolysis administration were associated with favorable outcome.

A blended cognitive behavioral intervention for patients with adjustment disorder with anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

Adjustment disorder with anxiety (ADA) is a common psychiatric pathology worldwide, but it is often undertreated. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment, but very few studies have been carried out for the treatment of ADA. Internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) appears to be an effective treatment option, with the potential to reach a larger proportion of individuals suffering from ADA. Guidance is a beneficial feature of iCBT, provided in most studies by email or telephone (traditional guided iCBT). Blended CBT, which combines an online intervention and therapeutic guidance provided in person (face-to-face), could be a way to benefit from both the advantages of face-to-face CBT regarding human interactional quality and the advantages of internet-based CBT in terms of improved access to treatment. In this randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of two forms of administration of Seren@ctif, a 5-week CBT program for patients with ADA according the DSM-5, was examined: one delivered through face-to-face sessions (face-to-face CBT) and the other delivered online and guided with face-to-face contact with a nurse (blended CBT); these formats were compared with a wait-list control group (WLC). A total of 120 patients were included and randomized to one of these three conditions. Measures were administered before treatment, after treatment and 6 months after inclusion in the study. Both treatment conditions displayed significant decreases in anxiety, depression, worry and perceived stress at posttreatment when compared to the WLC group. The decrease in symptoms was mostly maintained 6 months after inclusion for the two experimental groups. Blended CBT showed significantly greater reductions in anxiety and depression than did face-to-face CBT on some secondary outcome measures. We conclude that both face-to-face CBT and blended CBT are effective treatments for patients with ADA, and we suggest that blended CBT may be slightly more effective than classical face-to-face CBT. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02621775;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02621775(Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6tQrkPs1u).

Early successful reperfusion after endovascular therapy reduces malignant middle cerebral artery infarction occurrence in young patients with large diffusion-weighted imaging lesions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) is a severe complication of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). The aim of our study was to assess whether successful reperfusion after endovascular therapy (EVT) in AIS with clinical and imaging predictors of MMI decreased its occurrence. METHODS: Data were collected between January 2014 and July 2018 in a monocentric prospective AIS registry of patients treated with EVT. Patients selected were <65 years old with severe anterior circulation AIS with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >15, baseline Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≤ 6 and baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume >82 mL within 6 h of symptom onset. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score ≥ 2b. Occurrence of MMI was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: A total of 66 EVT-treated patients were included in our study. MMI occurred in 27 patients (41%). In unadjusted analysis, successful reperfusion was associated with fewer MMIs (31.8% vs. 65.0%; P = 0.015) and with more favorable outcome at 3 months (50% vs. 20%; P = 0.023). In multivariate analysis, successful reperfusion was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 0.35 (0.10-1.12) for MMI and 2.77 (0.84-10.43) for 3-month favorable outcome occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Early successful reperfusion performed in patients with AIS with clinical and imaging predictors of MMI was associated with decreased MMI occurrence. Reperfusion status might be considered in evaluating the need for craniectomy in patients with early predictors of MMI.

Two-layered susceptibility vessel sign is associated with biochemically quantified thrombus red blood cell content.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Better characterization of the thrombus could be useful to determine acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) aetiology and predict response to thrombolysis and endovascular therapy (EVT). To test the hypothesis that susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is related to red blood cell (RBC) content of AIS thrombi, the total haemoglobin contents (HbCs) of AIS thrombi retrieved by EVT from patients with or without SVS or two-layered SVS (TLSVS) were compared. METHODS: Baseline MRI of 84 anterior AIS patients was reviewed by neuro-radiologists blinded to clinical and biochemical data. Thrombi from these patients were retrieved by EVT and analysed for HbC by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and measurement of haem concentration. RESULTS: Susceptibility vessel sign and TLSVS were respectively observed in 85.7% and 50.0% of cases. The median HbC content was 253 µg/mg thrombus (interquartile range 177-333) and the median haem content was 219 µg/mg thrombus (131-264). Thrombus HbC and haem content were highly correlated with thrombus RBC content determined by flow cytometry (r = 0.94). Thrombi from patients with TLSVS weighed more [31.1 (16.5-68.3) mg vs. 17.7 (11.7-33.3) mg; P = 0.005] and had a higher HbC content [278 (221-331) µg/mg vs. 196 (139-301) µg/mg; P = 0.010] compared to thrombi from patients without TLSVS. There was no difference in thrombus weight or HbC content according to SVS status. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that TLSVS is significantly associated with a higher thrombus weight and RBC content, as determined by quantitative assays.

Long-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on daily life physical activity of patients with stage IV sarcoidosis: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is known to improve exercise tolerance, mood, and quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of this work was to determine whether PR provides long-term benefits in increasing daily life physical activity in patients with chronic sarcoidosis. METHODS: This randomized prospective study (registered ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02044939) of 38 patients with stage IV chronic sarcoidosis was performed between 2012 and 2016. Patients were assigned to participate in a 2-month PR program (n=20) or receive counseling (n=18). Assessments were performed at baseline, 2 months (end of the PR program), 6months, and 12months, and included daily life physical activity parameters (measured for 5 consecutive days), exercise tolerance, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and quality of life. The primary outcome was the 12-month change in time spent in activities above an estimated energy expenditure of 2.5metabolic equivalents (METs). Secondary daily life physical activity outcomes included number of steps per day, total daily energy expenditure, and total energy expenditure above 2.5METs. RESULTS: The primary outcome did not differ between the two groups; mean between-group differences were -13.2min (95% confidence interval [CI]: -76.3 to 49.8) at 6 months and -18.1min (95% CI: -55.7 to 19.4) at 12months. Although PR had no effect on secondary daily life physical activity outcomes, it did significantly increase exercise tolerance at 6 and 12 months and decrease the dyspnea score at 6 months and the fatigue score at 12months. CONCLUSION: This trial failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of PR on daily life physical activity in sarcoidosis patients, suggesting that long-term behavioral programs may be necessary to complement PR.

Lower-limb neurologic deficit after vaginal delivery: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Lower limb neurologic deficit after vaginal delivery remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, characteristics and prognosis associated with nerve injury occurring to women during vaginal delivery. METHODS: A single-center observational study of women who complained about a lower limb neurologic deficit that appeared immediately after vaginal delivery. The follow-up period was up to four years. RESULTS: Among the 10 569 women with a singleton vaginal delivery during the 30-month study period, 31 (0.3%) reported a neurologic deficit. Most women were nulliparous (71%) and the mean duration of the second stage of labor was 94 min [range 13-224 min]. In two-thirds of cases, delivery required instrumental assistance. Most neurologic deficits were sensory (67.7%) and primarily involved femoral nerve territory (83.9%). Most women recovered within six weeks (69.2%). In one case (a sensory deficit of the entire right leg), recovery only occurred after 3.5 years. CONCLUSION: Neurologic deficit was identified in 0.3% of our vaginal delivery population. Recovery from neurologic deficit may take many weeks and may occasionally be disabling.

[Elaboration and psychometric properties of a well-being scale at work. The Serenat study among employees in occupational medicine unit]. / Élaboration et qualités psychométriques d'une échelle de bien-être au travail. Étude SERENAT auprès de salariés vus en médecine du travail.

BACKGROUND: Well-being at work is nowadays a major public health challenge. It includes, among others, absence of psychological (anxio-depressive) symptoms, perceived positive work conditions (environment and organization), happiness and good quality of life at work. Many studies have shown that social support and control at work protect mental health while high job demands and effort-reward imbalance are risk factors for anxiety and depression. There is currently no global indicator to measure both the state of mental health and social working conditions. The main objective of this work is to construct and explore the psychometric properties of scale of well-being at work called "Serenat" in order to validate it. METHODS: The Serenat Scale is a self-report questionnaire composed of 20 items. All items are scored on a four-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) resulting in a range of 0 to 60. It was constructed from data collected from the literature and from consultations in an Occupational Health Unit. From January 2014 to May 2017 193 subjects who have consulted an occupational doctor are included in this cross sectional survey. Validation included item quality and data structure diagnosis, internal consistency, intraobserver reliability evaluation and external consistency. RESULTS: The Serenat scale showed very good item quality, with a maximal non-response rate of 0.01 % per item, and no floor effect. Factor analysis concluded that the scale can be considered unidimensional. Cronbach's alpha of internal consistency was 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver reliability was 0.89. Serenat scale was correlated with HADS (r=-0.54; P<0.001), STAI-Y (r=-0.78; P<0.001) and BDI-13 (r=-0.57; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Serenat's well-being at work scale shows good psychometric properties for final validation. It could be useful to occupational physicians for individual and collective screening. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02905071.

First-Line Sofia Aspiration Thrombectomy Approach within the Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Multicentric Registry: Efficacy, Safety, and Predictive Factors of Success.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After publications on the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy by stent retrievers in acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion, alternative endovascular approaches have been proposed using first-line aspiration catheters. Several devices are currently available to perform A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique. The Sofia catheter aspiration has been widely used by interventionalists, but data are scarce about its efficacy and safety. Our aim was to report our multicenter thrombectomy experience with first-line Sofia catheter aspiration and to identify independent prognostic factors of clinical and procedural outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke multicentric registry. Data from consecutive patients who benefited from thrombectomy with a first-line Sofia approach between January 2013 and April 2018 were studied. We excluded other first-line approaches (stent retriever or combined aspiration and stent retriever) and extracranial occlusions. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and angiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 296 patients were treated. Mean age and initial NIHSS score were, respectively, 69.5 years and 16. Successful reperfusion, defined by the modified TICI 2b/3, was obtained in 86.1% (n = 255; 95% CI, 81.7%-89.9%). Complete reperfusion (modified TICI 3) was obtained in 41.2% (n = 122; 95% CI, 35.5%-47.1%). A first-pass effect was achieved in 24.2% (n = 71; 95% CI, 19.4%-29.6%). A rescue stent retriever approach was required in 29.7% (n = 88; 95% CI, 24.6%-35.3%). The complication rate was 9.5% (n = 28; 95% CI, 6.4%-13.5%). Forty-three percent (n = 122; 95% CI, 37.1%-48.9%) of patients presented with a favorable 3-month outcome (mRS ≤ 2). Older age, M1-occlusion topography, and intravenous thrombolysis use prior to thrombectomy were independent predictors of the first-pass effect. CONCLUSIONS: The first-line contact aspiration approach appeared safe and efficient with Sofia catheters. These devices achieved very high reperfusion rates with a low requirement for stent retriever rescue therapy, especially for M1 occlusions.

MRI Quantitative T2* Mapping to Predict Dominant Composition of In Vitro Thrombus.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping, which provides information about thrombus composition and specifically the red blood cell content, may be obtained in the setting of acute ischemic stroke before treatment. This could be useful to adapt the endovascular strategy. We aimed to analyze the red blood cell content of in vitro thrombi in relation to the thrombus-T2* relaxation time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five thrombus analogs of different compositions were scanned with an MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping sequence. Two radiologists, blinded to thrombus composition, measured the thrombus-T2* relaxation time twice at an interval of 2 weeks. Quantitative histologic evaluations of red blood cell content were performed. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of the thrombus-T2* relaxation time was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. Finally, a Spearman product moment correlation between the thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content was performed. RESULTS: The median thrombus-T2* relaxation time was 78.5 ms (range, 16-268 ms; interquartile range, 60.5 ms). The median red blood cell content was 55% (range, 0%-100%; interquartile range, 75%). Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of the thrombus-T2* relaxation time was excellent (>0.9). The Spearman rank correlation test found a significant inverse correlation between thrombus-T2* relaxation time and red blood cell content (ρ = -0.834, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging quantitative T2* mapping can reliably identify the thrombus red blood cell content in vitro. This fast, easy-to-use sequence could be implemented in routine practice to predict stroke etiology and adapt devices or techniques for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

First-line treatment using high-flow nasal cannula for children with severe bronchiolitis: Applicability and risk factors for failure.

BACKGROUND: Viral bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children during the first 12 months of life. There is evidence to support the use of noninvasive ventilation in bronchiolitis. A recent respiratory management of bronchiolitis is the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the use of HFNC as the first-line treatment for children with severe bronchiolitis and the secondary objective was to identify factors for HFNC therapy failure. METHODS: Observational prospective study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), during two consecutive seasons (2013-2014 without recommendation and 2014-2015 with a study design suggesting HFNC as first-line treatment). The percentages of children treated with HFNC, nasal continuous or biphasic positive airway pressure (nCPAP/BiPAP) and invasive ventilation were compared. Associations between parameters recorded and HFCN therapy failure were established. RESULTS: The percentage of patients treated with HFNC at admission was higher during the second season (90%, n=55/61) than the first season (34%, n=14/41) (p<0.0001). In bivariate analysis, heart rate, pH, and pCO2 were significantly associated with the occurrence of HFNC therapy failure in time-varying Cox regression models using all available values (i.e., admission and repeated measures during the first 5 days of hospitalization). Only pCO2 remained independently associated as a factor of HFNC failure in the multivariate Cox model with a hazard ratio per 5mmHg of 1.37 (95%CI: 1.01-1.87; P=0.046). CONCLUSION: In our PICU, HFNC therapy for children with bronchiolitis can potentially decrease the use of nCPAP. In this study, the factor of failure was higher pCO2. Studies to evaluate PCO2 level to discriminate HFNC versus CPAP indication could be useful.