ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gangliocytomas are neuronal tumors of the central nervous system. They tend to appear in children and young adults. These tumors usually appear in the supratentorial compartment in the temporal lobe. Their clinical presentation is frequently as refractory epilepsy. CASE REPORTS: Three gangliocytoma cases in different locations are presented and a review is made. CONCLUSIONS: Immunochemistry is of great value in the pathological study of these lesions, using neuronal markers for the diagnosis. They are usually benign lesions. Therefore, surgical complete removal is the goal to pursue.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Ganglioneuroma , Spinal Cord Neoplasms , Adult , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Ganglioneuroma/diagnosis , Ganglioneuroma/therapy , Humans , Male , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Los gangliocitomas son tumores de estirpe neuronal que se presentan en individuos jóvenes y niños.Su localización más habitual es supratentorial (lóbulo temporal...). La presentación más habitual es en forma de epilepsia refractaria. Casos clínicos. Se presentan tres casos clínicos en diferentes localizaciones. Conclusiones. La anatomía patológica se ayuda de la inmunohistoquímica para enfocar el diagnóstico, utilizando marcadores neuronales. Son lesiones de naturaleza habitualmente benigna que requieren extirpación lo más completa posible
Gangliocytomas are neuronal tumors of the central nervous system. They tend to appear in childrenand young adults. These tumors usually appear in the supratentorial compartment in the temporal lobe. Their clinical presentation is frequently as refractory epilepsy. Case reports. Three gangliocytoma cases in different locations are presentedand a review is made. Conclusions. Immunochemistry is of great value in the pathological study of these lesions, using neuronal markers for the diagnosis. They are usually benign lesions. Therefore, surgical complete removal is the goal to pursue
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Ganglioneuroma/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis , Epilepsy/etiology , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar small cell tumor, whose ancestor cell has not been yet identified in the human normal embriology: its exact origin is, in fact, still unknown. Nevertheless, one of the most acceptable possibilities facing the origin of the tumor is the remaining rests of cerebellar outer granular sheet. It is a predominantly infantile tumor, less frequent in young adults, and World Health Organization (WHO) classification has assignated grade IV of malignancy. In this publication of the WHO, medulloblastomas have been subclassified into: classic, desmoplastic, medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity and advanced neuronal differentiation and large cell medulloblastomas. Real differences dealing with survival and prognosis amidst these subvarieties have been noted in extensive series. CONCLUSION: The most frequently genetic alteration is the presence of isochromosome 17q in most of 50% of the cases.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Medulloblastoma , Adult , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Cerebellum/pathology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Isochromosomes , Medulloblastoma/genetics , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Medulloblastoma/physiopathology , Medulloblastoma/therapy , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Introducción y desarrollo. El meduloblastoma es un tumorde células pequeñas de asiento cerebeloso, cuya célula progenitorano se ha identificado aún en la embriología humana. Se especulasobre su origen exacto; pero no obstante, una de las posibilidadeses que derive de remanentes de la capa granular externa cerebelosa.Es un tumor predominantemente infantil, menos frecuenteen adultos jóvenes, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud le asignael grado IV de malignidad. En la última clasificación de este organismose ha subclasificado en: meduloblastoma clásico, meduloblastomadesmoplásico, meduloblastoma con extensa nodularidad ymanifiesta diferenciación neuronal y, por último, el meduloblastomade células grandes. Entre estas subvariedades se han visto, endistintas y extensas series, diferencias en cuanto a pronóstico ysupervivencia. Conclusión. En los últimos años ha habido avancesen el conocimiento de sus alteraciones genéticas, y la demostracióndel isocromosoma 17q es la que se halla con más frecuencia (másdel 50% de los casos)
Introduction and development. Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar small cell tumor, whose ancestor cell has not beenyet identified in the human normal embriology: its exact origin is, in fact, still unknown. Nevertheless, one of the mostacceptable possibilities facing the origin of the tumor is the remaining rests of cerebellar outer granular sheet. It is apredominantly infantile tumor, less frequent in young adults, and World Health Organization (WHO) classification hasassignated grade IV of malignancy. In this publication of the WHO, medulloblastomas have been subclassified into: classic,desmoplastic, medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity and advanced neuronal differentiation and large cell medulloblastomas.Real differences dealing with survival and prognosis amidst these subvarieties have been noted in extensive series.Conclusion. The most frequently genetic alteration is the presence of isochromosome 17q in most of 50% of the cases
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Medulloblastoma/genetics , Medulloblastoma/pathology , Medulloblastoma/physiopathology , Medulloblastoma/therapy , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Cerebellum/pathology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 , Diagnosis, Differential , Isochromosomes , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio observacional y prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico 'Hermanos Cordové' de Manzanillo, Cuba, entre los años 1984 y 2000, con el diagnóstico clínico de quistes del conducto tirogloso. Se observaron 125 pacientes; en 92 hubo correspondencia histopatológica del diagnóstico y constituyeron el universo de estudio. Predominó el grupo de edad entre cinco y nueve años (52,2 por ciento). No hubo diferencias significativas entre sexos. El síntoma principal fue la presencia de una masa indolora en la región anterior del cuello (79,3 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fue en la línea media a nivel del hueso hioides (76,1 por ciento) (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Male , Child , Humans , Thyroglossal Cyst/epidemiology , Neck , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Hypercalcemia associated with haematological neoplasms account for 15 to 20% of hipercalcemia in malignancy, and occurs usually in patients with multiple myeloma. However, its incidence in patients with linfoma is low, and it is observed usually in T-cell linfomas. Bone affectation is also uncommon in patients with non-Hodgkin linfoma. It usually is seen as a late manifestation of the disease, and its occurrence as the form of presentation is exceptional. We hereby report a patient with a B-cell non-Hodgkin linfoma presenting with hypercalcemia and femoral osteolytic lesions.
Subject(s)
Femur , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis , Osteolysis/etiology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Aged , Humans , Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications , Male , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
La hipercalcemia de los tumores hematológicos supone del 15 al 20 porciento de las hipercalcemias tumorales y ocurre sobre todo en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. Sin embargo, su incidencia en pacientes con linfoma es baja y se observa principalmente en linfomas de células T. Tampoco es habitual la afectación esquelética en los pacientes con linfoma no hodgkiniano. Suele ser una manifestación tardía de la enfermedad y constituye la forma de presentación sólo en raras ocasiones. Se describe el caso de un paciente con lesiones osteolíticas femorales e hipercalcemia como forma de presentación de un linfoma no hodgkiniano de estirpe B (AU)
Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Meningeal Neoplasms , Stomach Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologySubject(s)
Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Adult , Child , Female , Forensic Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , SpainABSTRACT
Treatment of infiltrant vesical cancer has traditionally been the grounds for intense controversy. Transurethral resection (TUR) followed by high voltage radiotherapy (RT) in selected cases of locally advanced vesical urothelial tumours can be a valid alternative for the treatment of this condition. This paper discloses the experience of our center in the treatment of this type of tumours over the last few years (1979-1993) on 85 selected patient, with a considerable percentage of living patients and with no evidence of disease after the follow-up period; taking into account the influence on these results of the cytologic grade, tumoral size, gross appearance of the tumour, and tumoral stage. Additionally, these results are compared with those from other authors using similar therapeutic method as well as with the results from different therapeutical approaches, illustrating one more the intense controversy that exists relative to the management of these patients.
Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Postoperative Care , Survival Rate , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
An analysis of the chest recurrences was conducted in 72 consecutive patients with limited small cell lung cancer treated in two successive phase II trials alternating six induction chemotherapy courses and three series of thoracic radiotherapy, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. The total radiation dose was 45 Gy (3 series of 15 Gy) in the first trial, and 55 (20, 20 and 15 Gy) in the second. The effect of the irradiated volume was investigated by comparing the local relapse rates in the group of patients treated by radiation fields encompassing the initial tumor volume to another group in which the initial target volume was not fully covered by radiation fields. The definition of these two groups was performed retrospectively by examination of radiological, fiberoptic bronchoscopy initial findings, technical radiation charts and check films. The local recurrence rate were 33 and 36% in each group (no significant difference). This finding could suggest that tumor shrinkage after chemotherapy might allow the use of "reduced" radiation volumes. However, the limited number of patients does not permit a definite conclusion. The effect of radiation dose was investigated by comparing the local control rates in the two consecutive trials which delivered 45 and 55 Gy, respectively. No difference in long-term local control was found: the addition of 10 Gy in the second trial only seemed to delay the appearance of local recurrences by 6 months. Twenty percent of patients died from a local relapse without evidence of distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Actuarial Analysis , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Small Cell/mortality , Clinical Protocols , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Evaluation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Radiotherapy DosageSubject(s)
Drug Utilization , Sports Medicine , Female , Humans , Male , Physicians/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The correlation between breast cancer and serum prolactin levels in women is not so clear as it is in experimental animals. The study described in this work shows that there are no significant differences in prolactin levels in normal women and breast cancer patients, but that there is a direct relation between prolactin level and tumor mass in every patient.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/blood , Prolactin/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Menopause , Middle Aged , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
The prediction of the response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer is important. Although the estrogen receptor assay is a fundamental procedure to know hormone dependency in breast cancer, the changes produced in the serum prolactin level after administering L-dopa is a simple and reproducible method that can be used as alternative predictive test in some cases. This work shows that a 65 per 100 decrease or more in the L-dopa induced prolactin level prognosticates the existence of a hormone responsive tumor.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Levodopa , Prolactin/blood , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Medroxyprogesterone/therapeutic use , Ovariectomy , Prognosis , Tamoxifen/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The case of a female patient with multiple ectodermal and mesodermal malformations present since birth is reported. The cutaneous lesions were of two types: Jadassohn's nevus sebaceus and nevus unius lateris. These entities have been described in the literature as congenital dermatologic alterations of nevoid character and organoid structure. They can be considered as congenital epidermal nevi. In many cases, including this one, there are various associated disorders especially of the nervous system, eyes, and skeleton. Both syndromes are cutaneous hamartomas which can be differentiated histologically but not by the anomalies accompanying them. Their dermatologic aspects are very similar. The histopathologic characteristics of the skin lesions of nevus unius lateris consist of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and epidermal papillomatosis. In Jadassohn's nevus sebaceus there are also alterations of the skin adnexa, namely the absence of hair follicles and the presence of numerous mature sebaceus and hyperplastic glands. In general, the presence of organoid nevus may be a sign of multiple ectodermal and mesodermal malformations. Both syndromes are often present in the same patient, as in the case described here, and their etiology is the same. It is based on an alteration in embryogenic development affecting primarily, though not exclusively, the formations of ectodermal origin. Thus Jadassohn's nevus sebaceus and nevus unius lateris are both forms of phacomatosis. Clinical cases have in common the cutaneous cited above, either in combination or singly. The other possible signs and symptoms are variable, depending on which stage of embryogenic development is affected. There may be defects in the structures of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin.
