Overcoming stigma: involving families in medical student and psychiatric residency education.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this article is to present a possible mechanism for increasing communication about psychiatric matters such as diagnoses, treatment, and stigma between the physicians, including psychiatrists, and the families of persons with mental illness through a NAMI presentation. METHODS: Included are a description of a stigma-reduction presentation to junior medical students; information about an instrument to evaluate pre- and postclerkship student attitudes; and a discussion of consumer and family participation in the education of first-year psychiatric residents. RESULTS: Moving the NAMI presentation from the freshman year to the junior year rotation and first year resident experience has been more efficacious, possibly because clinically oriented students and medical and psychiatric residents seem more receptive to communication about stigma and the family situation. CONCLUSION: The educational collaborations between advocacy groups and academia show promise for increasing communication about psychiatric disorders, treatment, and stigma issues between families and psychiatric patients.

Neonatal amygdala lesions: co-occurring impact on social/fear-related behavior and cocaine sensitization in adult rats.

Neurodevelopmental abnormalities of temporal-limbic structures may underlie both adult psychiatric syndromes and increased addiction vulnerability, leading to high frequencies of "dual diagnosis" disorders. Although the amygdala is implicated in various mental disorders and drug addiction, no studies have explored the impact of early developmental damage to the amygdala on phenotypes relating to mental illness and addictions as co-occurring processes. We tested rats with neonatal amygdala lesions (NAML) vs. SHAM-operated controls in a battery of tests--novel field activity, elevated plus maze (EPM), and social interaction (SI) at baseline and after odor and restraint stress--followed by measures of cocaine sensitization (15 mg/kg vs. saline x 5 days + challenge session 2 weeks later) and remeasurement of SI. NAMLs showed increased novelty-related locomotion, less fear responding in the EPM, and resistance to predator-odor- but not to restraint-induced suppression of SI. NAMLs also had elevated cocaine sensitization profiles, and cocaine history differentially affected subsequent SI in NAMLs compared with SHAMs. NAMLs may provide models for understanding a shared neurobiological basis for and complex interactions among psychiatric symptoms, drug exposure history, and addiction vulnerability.