ABSTRACT
Polymer nanogels are embedded within layers consisting of a nonlamellar liquid crystalline lipid phase to act as thermoresponsive controllers of layer compactness and hydration. As the nanogels change from the swollen to the collapsed state via a temperature trigger, they enable on-demand release of water from the mixed polymer-lipid layer while the lipid matrix remains intact. Combining stimuli-responsive polymers with responsive lipid-based mesophase systems opens up new routes in biomedical applications such as functional biomaterials, bioanalysis and drug delivery.
ABSTRACT
Hand disinfection is considered important in preventing the transmission of viruses, including norovirus. We investigated the virucidal efficacy of nine hand sanitisers (four alcohol-based sanitisers, three non-alcoholic sanitisers and two triclosan-containing antimicrobial liquid soaps) against feline calicivirus, a surrogate for norovirus, on artificially contaminated fingertips for 30 s and 2 min contact periods. Among alcohol-based sanitisers, a product containing 99.5% ethanol was more effective than those containing 62% ethanol, 70% isopropanol or 91% isopropanol. A log(10) virus reduction factor of 1.00-1.30 was achieved with 99.5% ethanol but those containing a lower alcohol concentration only achieved a log(10) reduction factor of Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology
, Calicivirus, Feline/drug effects
, Disinfection/methods
, Hand Disinfection/methods
, Virus Inactivation/drug effects
, 2-Propanol/pharmacology
, Animals
, Cats
, Cell Line
, Ethanol/pharmacology
, Female
, Humans
, Male
, Norovirus/drug effects
, Povidone-Iodine/pharmacology
, Soaps/pharmacology
, Triclosan/pharmacology