ABSTRACT
Within the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) spectrum, lung emphysema presents, as a primarily histopathologic feature, the destruction of pulmonary parenchyma and, accordingly, an increase in the airflow obstruction distal to the terminal bronchiole. Notwithstanding the significant advances in prevention and treatment of symptoms, no effective or curative therapy has been accomplished. In this context, cellular therapy with stem cells (SCs) arises as a new therapeutic approach, with a wide application potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of SCs infusion procedure in patients with advanced COPD (stage IV dyspnea). After selection, patients underwent clinical examination and received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, immediately prior to the bone marrow harvest. The bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were isolated and infused into a peripheral vein. The 12-month follow-up showed a significant improvement in the quality of life, as well as a clinical stable condition, which suggest a change in the natural process of the disease. Therefore, the proposed methodology in this study for BMMC cell therapy in sufferers of advanced COPD was demonstrated to be free of significant adverse effects. Although a larger sample and a greater follow-up period are needed, it is possible to infer that BMMC cell therapy introduces an unprecedented change in the course or in the natural history of emphysema, inhibiting or slowing the progression of disease. This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01110252) and was approved by the Brazilian National Committee of Ethics in Research (registration no. 14764, CONEP report 233/2009).
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/surgery , Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery , Stem Cell Transplantation , Aged , Brazil , Filgrastim , Forced Expiratory Volume , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology , Recombinant Proteins , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Nos últimos anos, a terapia de ressincronização cardíaca tem sido uma conduta bem definida para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC), classe funcional III ou IV, que não tiveram resposta à otimização terapêutica. Estudos já mostraram esta eficácia, mas um grupo bem definido de miocardiopatias dilatadas com áreas de fibrose não tem tido o mesmo sucesso (30 por cento-40 por cento). Por isto decidimos associar a estes pacientes o implante de células-tronco. A partir de 04/2005 iniciamos estes implantes em pacientes (pcs.) com IC, classe funcional III/IV, otmizados e fração de ejeção <35 por cento com dissincronia ventricular. Total de 25 pacientes (16 homens), idade entre 30-80anos (média de 58) e 44 por cento de etiologia chagásica (11 pcs). Ressincronização e terapia celular foram por via epicárdica (12 pcs) e endocárdica (13 pcs) e a seleção celular pela filtração por Ficoll e 3.0x10(8) de células infundidas CD34 + (5,0 x 10(6)) e CD 133 + (2,5 x 10(6)). Após 24 meses de evolução observamos que 84,8 por cento destes pcs permaneceram vivos e a mortalidade (15,2 por cento) não estava relacionada ao procedimento. A sobrevida dos portadores de marcapasso foi maior (52,4 por cento) e os chagásicos tiveram uma pior sobrevida, mas com teste de long-rank de 0,218 e 0,626, respectivamente. Nos casos de pcs com ressincronizador isoladamente, os resultados não parecem ser tão bons,e nós optamos pela associação de células-tronco como uma alternativa segura e adequada para estes graves pcs com insuficiência cardíaca e miocardiopatia dilatada.
In recent years cardiac resynchronization therapy has been a well defined approach for patients with functional class III or IV heart failure (HF) who do not respond to optimized therapy. Studies have shown efficacy, but one well defined group of dilated heart diseases with large areas of fibrosis has not had the same success rates (30-40 percent). Hence, we decided to associate stem cell transplant in these patients. Since April 2005 we started to transplant stem cells in 25 patients (16 men) with NYHA III/IV HF with ejection fraction < 35 percent and ventricle dyssynchrony. Their ages varied between 30 and 80, (mean age 58) and 44 percent (11 patients) had a chagasic etiology. Resynchronization and stem cell therapy were performed via epicardial (12) or endocardial (13) approaches. Cell selection was by Ficoll filtration with a mean number of 3.0 x 108 cells infused: CD 34+ (5.0 x 106) and CD 133+ (2.5 x 106). In 24 months of evolution we noticed that 84.8 percent of these patients survived and mortality (15.2 percent) was not related to the procedure. The survival of pacemaker recipients (52.4 percent) was higher than another similar group that did not receive pacemaker implants and chagasic patients survived less than the ischemic and the idiopathic patients (42.4 percent, 55.6 percent and 77.2 percent, respectively). In spite of these initial differences, there was no statistical difference between these groups (log-rank test of P=0.218 and P= 0.626, respectively). In cases that resynchronization was performed in isolation, the results do not seem to be satisfactory so we chose to associate stem cell therapy as a safe and adequate alternative for patients with HF and dilated myocardiopathy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , Heart Failure , Heart Failure/therapy , Stem CellsABSTRACT
Nesta revisão são abordadas as doenças em que existem dados e perspectivas do uso de transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas em suas diversas modalidades. São apresentados também os aspectos referentes aos regimes de condicionamento empregados, e sua relação com toxicidade e taxa de mortalidade ligadas ao transplante. São apresentadas as doenças autoimunes e particularizados dados específicos do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, esclerose sistêmica e esclerose múltipla e diabetes mellitus tipo 1. A base do procedimento nas doenças autoimunes é a reprogramação imunológica. Aparentemente o procedimento tem sua indicação nas doenças em que os tratamentos convencionais de imunossupressão tenham falhado, e o dano orgânico não tenha sido definitivo, mas tenha chance de ocorrer caso não seja realizado o transplante. A modalidade aparentemente indicada no momento deve ser o transplante de células-tronco autogênico com regimes de condicionamento não mieloablativo para se obter sobrevivência estimada em mais de 50 por cento em todas as doenças, com baixa toxicidade e com mortalidade nula ligada ao transplante. São apresentados também os resultados nos tumores sólidos, que são discutíveis, e particularidades no câncer de mama. A aparente indicação para os tumores sólidos é transplante de células-tronco alogênico e se baseia no tratamento intensivo com doses mieloablativas com a finalidade de se induzir o efeito enxerto contra o tumor. Os regimes não mieloablativos são preconizados com a finalidade de redução da toxicidade e indução de imunossupressão, sendo os dados insuficientes e discutíveis, o que obriga a introdução de novas estratégias terapêuticas baseadas na terapia imune e celular.
In this report we discuss data and perspectives of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in non-hematologic diseases. Aspects related to the conditioning regimen and its relationship with toxicity and mortality are also presented. Specific autoimmune diseases are discussed, in particular systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the procedure in autoimmune diseases is immune reprogramming. Apparently this procedure has indications for diseases in which conventional treatments have failed when organ damage is not definitive, but likely to occur if transplantation is not performed. The most promising method appears to be autologous stem cell transplantation with non-myeloablative conditioning regimens to obtain survival that is estimated at more than 50 percent for all autoimmune diseases, with low toxicity and no mortality related to transplantation. The controversial results of solid tumor treatment and particularities of breast cancer are also presented. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the apparent indication for solid tumors based on intensive treatment with myeloablative doses in order to induce the graft versus tumor effect. The myeloablative conditioning regimens are introduced with the purpose of reducing the toxicity and inducing immunosuppression but the data are insufficient and questionable requiring the introduction of new therapeutic strategies based on cellular and immune therapy.
